When looking at the original data analysis, we see a variety of approaches used to examine the discourse data of focus. The analysis is rich and includes a wide array of features. Conversely, the three single perspective analyses conducted for this Forum each drew upon different linguistic details to support their conclusions with different insights. It is important to consider how different ap...

According to the argumentative theory of reasoning, humans have evolved reasoning abilities (usually known as ‘system 2’ or ‘analytic’ reasoning) for argumentative purposes. This implies that some reasoning skills should be universals. Such a claim seems to be at odd with findings from cross-cultural research. First, a wealth of research, following the work of Luria, has shown apparent difficul...

Social actions performed through language are the focal object of research on speech act realization (speech act research,1 for short) and conversation analysis, among other approaches to discourse that I will not consider here. Yet because of their di¤erent disciplinary origins and histories, the two approaches are interested in di¤erent aspects of social action mediated through language and, ...

/ have given the term pragmatic failure' to the inability to understand 'what is meant by what is said'. In this paper I argue that pragmatic failure is an area of cross-cultural communication breakdown which has received very little attention from language teachers. I suggest that there is one area of pragmatic failure ('pragmalinguistic failure') which is fairly easy to overcome. It is simply...

BACKGROUND Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is defined as pathological healthful eating. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is any difference in orthorexic behaviours between clinical and non-clinical groups, and in different cultural contexts. . METHODS Recruitment involved both female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls (HC) from Italy and Poland (N = 23 and ...

As China's red tourism continues to heat up, it not only attracts Chinese people study, but also welcomes more foreign tourists in recent years. At this time, the English translation of public signs and publicity materials is prominent. Under background, under guidance theories such as cross-cultural pragmatic translation, a field survey was conducted on current situation major tourist attracti...

culture as the philosophy of life refers to the values, norms and rules, and actual behaviorwhich is taken over by man from the past generations, and to leave it to next generation in a differentform, separates individuals belonging to the culture from individuals belonging to other cultures.each of these different attitudes describes the degree to which the culture values the past, the present...

The article aims to give an overview about the application of Optimality Theory (OT) to the domain of pragmatics. In the introductory part we discuss different ways to view the division of labor between semantics and pragmatics. Rejecting the doctrine of literal meaning we conform to (i) semantic underdetermination and (ii) contextualism (the idea that the mechanism of pragmatic interpretation ...

Most adults and children in cultures where reading text progresses from left to right also count objects from the left to the right side of space. The reverse is found in cultures with a right-to-left reading direction. The current set of experiments investigated whether vertical counting in the horizontal plane is also influenced by reading direction. Participants were either from a left-to-ri...