Evidence suggests that fluid flow rates in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems may be strongly influenced by mechanical forces such as ocean tidal loading. However, long time-series measurements of flow have not been collected in these environments. We develop a non-invasive method, called optical plume velocimetry (OPV), suitable for obtaining fluid flow rates through black smoker vents based...

The single-phase flow and thermal performance of a double pipe heat exchanger are examined by experimental methods. The working fluid is water at atmospheric pressure. Temperature measurements at the inlet and outlet of the two streams and also at an intermediate point half way between the inlet and outlet is made, using copper-constantan thermocouple wires. Mass flow rates for each stream are ...

analyzing the vortex-induced vibration of a slender marine structure withlength to diameter ratio up to 200 is the objective of this study. this slender is free to move in both in-line and cross flow directions and immersed completely in water. three different types of shear currents pass on it and cause to vibrate slender in different forms. nowadays, these vibrations are very important for de...

Linear stability analysis of the three dimensional plane wake flow is performed using a mapped finite di?erence scheme in a domain which is doubly infinite in the cross–stream direction of wake flow. The physical domain in cross–stream direction is mapped to the computational domain using a cotangent mapping of the form y = ?cot(??). The Squire transformation [2], proposed by Squire, is also us...

In this paper the characteristics of unsteady three-dimensional incompressible flows with heat transfer are obtained along with artificial compressibility of Chorin. At first, compatibility equations and pseudo characteristics for three-dimensional flows are derived from five governing equations (continuity equation, Momentum equations in three directions, and energy equation) and then results ...

Given a set of positive reals, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a free Borel flow to admit a cross section with all distances between adjacent points coming from this set.

construction of the intake structures to divert some portion of flow water from a main channel causes some variations of flow conditions at the intake entrance. these variations cause the reinforcement of the eddy flow and sedimentation in the bank of the intake. an effective measure to control the entry sediment is the use of submerged vanes. most of previous studies in this regards have been ...