A retrospective study was performed in 613 singleton pregnancies born to mothers aged < or =19 years over a 4-year period to determine the relationship between maternal height and preterm delivery (<37 weeks). The pregnancies were grouped according to maternal height quartiles for comparison of maternal and infant characteristics, obstetric complications and pregnancy outcome. The incidences of...

So far, only a few studies have been carried out in central European forests to estimate individual tree stem volume of pine trees from high resolution remote sensing data. In this article information derived from airborne laser scanner and multispectral line scanner data were tested to predict the stem volume of 178 pines (Pinus sylvestris) in a study site in the south-west of Germany. First, ...

in order to study the effect of elevation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the humid forests of guilan shafaroud, series 17, 16 and 7 were selected that fall in to three height classes; class 1 (‏less than 500 m), class 2 (‏500 – 1000 m) and class 3 (‏1000 – 1600 m). in height class 1, 2 and 3 sample plots were determined as 4, 15 and 20 respectively and each sample plot was 0...

The crown architecture of three shade-tolerant tree species (two subcanopy and one mid-canopy) was analyzed in relation to the light regime of the forest understorey. The aim was to examine to which extent shade-tolerant species variate in their crown architecture. Tree saplings (265) between 50 and 300 cm height, and distributed from understorey to variously-sized canopy gaps, were measured fo...

Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus syn. Lithocarpus densiflorus) is one of the most widespread and abundant associates of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), but little is known about the structural relationships between these two species. Knowledge of such relationships is essential for a thorough understanding of the impacts of sudden oak death (caused by the exotic pathogen Phytophthora ...

Knowledge of tree-crown parameters such as height, shape, and crown closure is desimble in forest and ecological studies, but those pammeters are difficult to measure on the ground. The stereoscopic capability of high-resolution aerial images provides a method for crown-surface reconstruction. However. 'existing digital photogrammet~packages, designed to map terrain surfaces. cannot accuratelv ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES To evaluate the retention of complete cast crowns in teeth with adequate and inadequate crown height and to evaluate the effects of auxiliary retentive features on retention form complete cast crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty freshly extracted human premolars. They were divided into 2 major groups depending upon the height of the teeth after the preparation. Group1 ...

Communities dominated by Baccharis pilularis (coyote brush) are expanding in coastal California, altering fuel load on a landscape scale, yet there is no standard method for estimating biomass in this vegetation type. In an attempt to develop a non-destructive field method for estimating biomass in Baccharisdominated communities, we compared three indirect measures including crown canopy height...