Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification as one of the acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities. AML with inv(16)/t(16;16) are associated with the FrenchAmerican-British (FAB) AML subtype M4eo, which characteristically has myelomonocytic differentiation and atypical eosinophils ...

Two unrelated patients with cryptic subtelomeric deletions of 22q13.3 were identified using FISH with the commercially available Oncor probe, D22S39. Proband 1 was found to have a derivative chromosome 22 resulting from the unbalanced segregation of a t(1;22)(q44;q13.32) in her mother. Additional FISH analysis of proband 1 and her mother placed the breakpoint on chromosome 22 in this family pro...

We report the chromosomal findings in a 4-year-old female with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The diagnostic karyotype showed an isochromosome 7q, i(7)(q10), as well as questionable rearrangements on 9p and 11q. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on both interphase and metaphase cells using the MLL "break-apart" and the centromeric chromosome 4 probes were i...

Genetic mutation, chromosomal rearrangement and copy number amplification are common mechanisms responsible for generating gain-of-function, cancer-causing alterations. Here we report a new mechanism by which premature cleavage and polyadenylation (pPA) of RNA can produce an oncogenic protein. We identify a pPA event at a cryptic intronic poly(A) signal in MAGI3, occurring in the absence of loc...

The duplication of 5' segment of KMT2A is a rare molecular event in childhood leukemia, and the influence on prognosis is unknown. Here, we report on a boy who developed acute monocytic leukemia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed the duplication of the 5' segment with 2 normal alleles at KMT2A which was eventually found to be fused with MLLT10. Chemotherapy promptly induced the first ...

A cryptic chromosome rearrangement, t(5;14)(q35.1;q32.2), recently identified in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), targets activation of TLX3 at 5q35.1 by juxtaposition with a region downstream of BCL11B at 14q32.2. We describe a novel variant t(5;14) whereby NKX2-5, a related (NK-like family) homeobox gene located approximately 2 Mb telomeric of TLX3, juxtaposes BCL11B in a subset ...

Aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by gynecomastia. This condition is caused by overexpression of CYP19A1 encoding aromatase, and three types of cryptic genomic rearrangement around CYP19A1, that is, duplications, deletions, and inversions, have been identified in AEXS. Duplications appear to have caused CYP19A1 overexpression because of an incr...

To evaluate t(2;5) and its variants, we studied 21 pediatric cases of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) by using immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, cytogenetics, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed 7 (33%) cases with t(2;5), 6 (29%) with variant gene rearrangements, 7 (33%) with uncharacterized ...

Clonally derived bacterial populations exhibit significant genotypic and phenotypic diversity that contribute to fitness in rapidly changing environments. Here, we show that serial passage of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 (StLT2) in broth, or within a mouse host, results in selection of an evolved population that inhibits the growth of ancestral cells by direct contact. Cells with...