We investigate the orientational order of transverse polarization vectors of long, stiff polymer molecules and their coupling to bond orientational and positional order in high density mesophases. Homogeneous ordering of transverse polarization vector promotes distortions in the hexatic phase, whereas inhomogeneous ordering precipitates crystallization of the 2D sections with different orientat...

Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) belongs to coronavirus group II and encodes 16 nonstructural proteins (nsps) which mediate genome replication and transcription. Among these nsps, nsp9 has been shown to possess single-stranded DNA/RNA-binding properties. The gene that encodes HCoV-HKU1 nsp9 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the protein was subjected to crystallization trials. T...

DNA gyrase subunit B C-terminal domain (GyrB-CTD) is a functional module of DNA gyrase which participates in forming the core of DNA gyrase and plays critical roles in G-segment binding and T-segment loading and passage. Here, the purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of GyrB-CTD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv are reported. Diffraction data were col...

Interleukin-22 is a potent mediator of cellular inflammatory responses. Crystals of interleukin-22 expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells (IL-22Dm) have been grown from polyethylene glycol solutions. To obtain crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis required the separation of different IL-22Dm glycosylation variants and the inclusion of the detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromi...

The deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was expressed and the gene product was purified. Crystallization was performed by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 298 K using 2 M ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.2 A resolution using Cu K alpha radiation. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic space group...

The title benzyl Grignard reagent, [Mg(2)Br(2)(C(7)H(7))(2)(C(4)H(10)O)(2)], was obtained by reaction of benzyl bromide with magnesium in diethyl ether, followed by crystallization from toluene. The asymmetric unit comprises one half-mol-ecule, the structural dimeric unit being generated by inversion symmetry with an Mg⋯Mg distance of 3.469 (2) Å. The Mg(II) atom exhibits a distorted tetrahedra...

The phoN gene of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium strain MD6001 was cloned in the multicopy plasmid pBluescript SK(-). The nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene differs from the corresponding S. typhimurium LT2 sequence at 23 residues, leading to 15 amino-acid differences, but was very close to the S. typhi phoN sequence (only three nucleotide and two amino-acid differences). The recombinan...

Crystallization is a key unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. Control of crystallization processes can be challenging when undesirable phenomena such as particle attrition and breakage occur. This thesis describes the controlled crystallization of pharmaceuticals and amino acids for more efficient manufacturing processes and better efficacy of products. Crystallization equipment is de...

Beta-1,3-xylanase (1,3-beta-D-xylan xylanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.32) is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing beta-1,3-xylan. The newly cloned beta-1,3-xylanase from the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. AX-4 (XYL4) exhibited a modular structure consisting of three modules: an N-terminal catalytic module belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 26 and two C-terminal xylan-binding modules belonging to carbohyd...

High pressure crystallization technique has been successfully used to prepare an elusive form II of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Mefenamic acid. Single crystal of form II was grown at 0.3 GPa from an 4:1 methanol/ ethanol mixture as a solvent using Diamond Anvil Cell. Comparison of crystal structures show that the efficient packing of MA molecules in Form II results from the structur...