Crowdsourcing is an effective and powerful tool for firms to solve practical issues and develop innovative products, but the relationship between risks and performance in crowdsourcing has received insufficient attention. Based on a dataset of 163 samples from China, social subsystem risk is empirically found to negatively influence crowdsourcing performance, whereas technical subsystem risk af...

Subsystem codes protect quantum information by encoding it in a tensor factor of a subspace of the physical state space. Subsystem codes generalize all major quantum error protection schemes, and therefore are especially versatile. This paper introduces numerous constructions of subsystem codes. It is shown how one can derive subsystem codes from classical cyclic codes. Methods to trade the dim...

iran is situated at the center of a regional subsystem including the middle east, central asia, the caucasus, southwest asia and the persian gulf basin. iran's relations with each of these subsystems refer to a special ground that is rooted in the foundation of iranian civilization. if relations with each of these regions are designed according to cultural, economic and political realities...

In this paper, we describe a multimedia system architecture consisting of: (1) an information management subsystem, (2) a storage subsystem, and (3) a network subsystem. Whereas the informationmanagement subsystem provides means for identifying the set of multimedia objects that may be pertinent to a client’s query, the storage subsystem ensures that multimedia objects are efficiently stored an...