natural dye extract of walnut shell, was extracted using an ultrasonic processor and purified by hot saponification method, has been studied as a novel sensitizing dye to fabricate tio2 nanoparticles based dye sensitized solar cells (dssc). the extract was characterized using uv–vis absorption spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared (ftir) employed to identify the anchoring groups in walnut...

background: car wash wastewater contains several contaminants such as organic matter, oil, grease, detergents and phosphates, all of which are harmful for the environment. in this study, the application of electrocoagulation (ec) to treat car wash wastewater has been studied, and the operating parameters optimized. the electro-fenton (ef) for further contaminant removal was also investigated. m...

Background: Natural organic matter is the cause of many problems associated with water treatment such as the presence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and membrane fouling during water filtration. In this study, the performance of the peroxi-electrocoagulation process (PEP) was investigated for the removal of humic acids (HAs) from aqueous solutions. Methods: PEP was carried out for the remov...

this paper presents a novel control method to improve the efficiency of low-voltage dc-dc converters at light loads. pulse width modulation (pwm) converters have poor efficiencies at light loads, while pulse frequency modulation (pfm) control is more efficient for the same cases. switching losses constitute a major portion of the total power loss at light loads. to decrease the switching losses...