In this paper, optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using Global Positioning System (GPS) is discussed. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used for this problem. Pheromone evaporation coefficient and the probability of moving from state x to state y by ant are introduced into the ACO. The modifi...

This paper describes a heuristic approach for optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in power system for improving state estimation accuracy. PMUs are able to measure highly accurate bus voltage phasors as well as branch current phasors incident to the buses at which PMUs are installed. Due to cost consideration of PMU placement, power grid utilities are interested in the knowledg...

Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices have been used for several targets in power system, one of the main contributions of the devices is improving operation conditions. In this paper, two types of these devices have been placed to raise voltage profile, minimizing system loss and arising loadability. The suggested FACTS devices are: Unified Power Flow Controller (UP...

Background: Blood pressure measurement is a complex skill to master and we sought to determine whether nursing students could measure blood pressure accurately on patients during their first clinical placement. We also examined whether clinical facilitator’s subjective rating of nursing student’s competence and confidence was related to blood pressure measurement. Methods: First year nursing st...

This study proposes a method to assess foot placement during walking using an ambulatory measurement system consisting of orthopaedic sandals equipped with force/moment sensors and inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes). Two parameters, lateral foot placement (LFP) and stride length (SL), were estimated for each foot separately during walking with eyes open (EO), and with eyes closed ...

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology is a need of the power system due to its better resolution than conventional estimation devices used for wide-area monitoring. PMUs can provide synchronized phasor and magnitude voltage current measurements state prevent blackouts. The drawbacks PMU are high cost device installation. main aspect using in electrical networks property observe adjacent buse...