................................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1 General Introduction ...................................................................................................

We demonstrate experimentally the x-ray lithography techniques to fabricate micro structures on curved surfaces such as convex and cylinder surfaces. In order to realize fabricate micro structures on curved surface, two x-ray lithography methods are described. One method is double x-ray exposures method with moving resist stage, the other is flexible mask on curved surface with rotating the res...

A method is developed for solving the two dimensional Helmholtz equation in a duct with varying cross-section region bounded by a curved top and flat bottom, having one region inside. To compute the propagation of sound waves in a curved duct with a curved internal interface is difficult problem. One method is to transform the wave equation into a solvable form and making the curved interface p...

Visual discrimination, categorical identification, and categorical rating measurements were made on sets of curved-line stimuli drawn from a theoretically uniform continuum with curvature parameter s. In Experiment 1, discriminability of pairs of curved lines separated by a constant distance on the s scale was measured at successive points along the scale. Curved lines were presented four at a ...

Cardiac looping is a vital morphogenetic process that transforms the initially straight heart tube into a curved tube normally directed toward the right side of the embryo. While recent work has brought major advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular pathways involved in looping, the biophysical mechanisms that drive this process have remained poorly understood. This paper exam...

This paper studies barrier options which are chained together, each with payoff contingent on curved barriers. When the underlying asset price hits a primary curved barrier, a secondary barrier option is given to a primary barrier option holder. Then if the asset price hits another curved barrier, a third barrier option is given, and so on. We provide explicit price formulas for these options w...

This paper examines the effect of curved boundary continuity on finite element simulations. Quartic C0 continuous and G1 continuous meshes with curved boundaries are created from CAD geometry. These C0 continuous and G1 continuous surface triangles are constructed using Bézier triangles and triangular Gregory patches respectively. Curved tetrahedra are constructed using a shape blending with te...

Spontaneous formation of curved nanorods is generally unexpected, since curvature introduces strain energy. However, electron microscopy shows that under hydrothermal conditions, some nanorods grown by oriented attachment of small anatase particles on {101} surfaces are curved and dislocation free. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the lattice energy of a curved anatase rod is actually l...

objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to fatigue failure of five different nickel-titanium rotary files in three different curved trajectories. materials and methods: a total of 150 neoniti a1, race 25.06, mtwo 25.06, twisted file 25.06 and protaper next x2 files with the tip size of 25 were tested (n=30 for each group). three groove types simulating curved canals...

Twenty-seven observers performed intensive visual search tasks with curved and flat monitors. Based on a 22-item eyestrain questionnaire, fewer subjects reported eyestrain, difficulty-tofocus and blurred-vision symptoms with a curved monitor than with a flat monitor. Fewer subjects had reduced saccade peak speed following the curved monitor use. Author