Activation and subsequent differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells lead to the development of memory subsets with distinct homing and effector capacities. On nonlymphoid homing subsets, expression of "inflammatory" chemokine receptors (such as CXCR3, CCR5, CX3CR1, and CXCR1) is believed to promote migration into sites of infection/inflammation. Here we show that CXCR1 can be up-regulated to the ce...

CXCR1, a receptor for interleukin-8 (IL-8), plays an important role in defending against pathogen invasion during neutrophil-mediated innate immune response. Human CXCR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with its characteristic seven transmembrane domains (TMs). Functional and structural analyses of several GPCRs have revealed that conserved residues on TM3 (including the highly conserved ...

BACKGROUND Interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and contributes to acute liver inflammation. Much less is known about IL-8 in chronic liver diseases (CLD), but elevated levels were reported from alcoholic and hepatitis C-related CLD. We investigated the regulation of IL-8, its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 and possible IL-8 responding cells in CLD patients. METH...

The ligand-induced internalization and recycling of chemokine receptors play a significant role in their regulation. In this study, we analyzed the involvement of actin filaments and of microtubules in the control of ligand-induced internalization and recycling of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)1 and CXCR2, two closely related G protein-coupled receptors that mediate ELR-expressing CXC chemokine-...

Activation and subsequent differentiation of naive CD8 T cells lead to the development of memory subsets with distinct homing and effector capacities. On nonlymphoid homing subsets, expression of “inflammatory” chemokine receptors (such as CXCR3, CCR5, CX3CR1, and CXCR1) is believed to promote migration into sites of infection/ inflammation. Here we show that CXCR1 can be up-regulated to the ce...

BACKGROUND For unknown reasons, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are clustered in certain individuals. Here we propose a novel, genetically determined cause of susceptibility to acute pyelonephritis, which is the most severe form of UTI. The IL-8 receptor, CXCR1, was identified as a candidate gene when mIL-8Rh mutant mice developed acute pyelonephritis (APN) with severe tissue damage. METHODS ...

The microenvironment is an important regulator of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) biology. Recent advances marking fluorescent HSPCs have allowed exquisite visualization of HSPCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) of the developing zebrafish. Here, we show that the chemokine cxcl8 and its receptor, cxcr1, are expressed by zebrafish endothelial cells, and we identify cxcl8/cx...

The G protein-coupled chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 play key roles in inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis. In inflammation, they activate and recruit polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) through binding of the chemokines CXCL1 (CXCR1) and CXCL8 (CXCR1 and CXCR2). Structure-activity studies that examined the effect of a novel series of S-substituted 6-mercapto-N-phenyl-nicotinamides on CXCL...

The ELR-CXC chemokines are important to neutrophil inflammation in many acute and chronic diseases. Among them, CXCL8 (interleukin-8, IL-8), the expression levels of which are elevated in many inflammatory diseases, binds to both the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors with high affinity. Recently, an analogue of human CXCL8, CXCL8(3-72)K11R/G31P (hG31P) has been developed. It has been demonstrated that ...

Recruitment of inflammatory cells to vascularised allografts is a hallmark of rejection, and paves the way for chronic allograft injury. Chemokines play pivotal roles in the directed movement of leukocytes. Herein, we define the distribution of chemokine receptors for the most common cell types during human lung allograft rejection as a prerequisite for therapeutic interventions. Immunohistoche...