OBJECTIVES Clinical trials have demonstrated that oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) therapy with or without medroxyprogesterone (MPA) increases venous thrombotic risk but this safety issue has not been investigated for other oral estrogens. Based on observational study findings that esterified estrogen (EE) was not associated with venous thrombotic risk whereas CEE was, we hypothesized that...

This paper describes the Collective Experience Engine (CEE), a system for indexing ExperientialKnowledge about Web knowledge-sources (websites), and performing relative-experience calculations between participants of the CEE. The CEE provides an in-browser interface to query the collective experience of others participating in the CEE. This interface accepts a list of URLs, to which the CEE add...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate an equation that estimates resting energy expenditure from two easily obtained measurements--expired carbon dioxide and minute ventilation, and compare the results of this equation with standard methods of estimating and measuring caloric expenditure in mechanically ventilated patients. DESIGN Prospective evaluation in a consecutive, unselected cohort. SETTING Me...

Since the mid-1990s, investigational sites in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have been increasingly utilized by pharmaceutical companies because of their high productivity in terms of patient enrolment into clinical trials. Based on the FDA's publicly accessible Clinical Investigator Inspection List, we present an analysis of findings and outcome classifications from FDA insp...

BACKGROUND Although the basic pathophysiology is the same in both cervical and thoracolumbar intervertebral disk (IVD) extrusions, there are considerable clinical differences that have only been partially explained. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The epidural inflammatory response differs between cervical and thoracolumbar IVD extrusions. ANIMALS Fifty-five dogs with cervical and 80 dogs with thorac...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the apical and coronal extrusions by using two reciprocating and two rotary instrumentation systems. METHODS Eighty extracted human single-rooted anterior teeth were randomly assigned to four groups. Four different root canal instrumentation systems were used according to the manufacturers instructions, including two reciprocating single-file sy...

The cyclic GMP-gated cationic channels of vertebrate photoreceptors are essential for visual phototransduction. We have examined the developmental regulation of cGMP-gated channels in morphologically identified cones in the chick retina. Expression of cone-type cGMP-gated channel mRNA can be detected at embryonic day 6 (E6), but expression of functional channels, as accessed by patch-clamp reco...

China is facing challenges of economic transition and modernization, which sees the urgent need to develop Continuing Engineering Education (CEE) for sustainable development in economic and social areas. The article first discusses the history and characteristics of CEE in China. By analyzing interview resources and statistic data, the author concludes five factors for the development of CEE in...