AIMS To assess the reliability of the hand held automated refractor Retinomax in measuring astigmatism in non-cycloplegic conditions. To assess the accuracy of Retinomax in diagnosing abnormal astigmatism in non-cycloplegic refractive screening of children between 9 and 36 months. METHODS Among 1205 children undergoing a non-cycloplegic refractive screening with Retinomax, 299 (25%) had repea...

Purpose: To measure the subjective depth of focus (DOF) in keratoconic eyes andcompare it to that of normal eyes. Methods: We measured the subjective DOF in two groups of subjects with a dual-Badal-channel optical system. The first group consisted of 10 normal subjects and the secondgroup consisted of 5 keratoconic subjects. We measured DOF of the normal subjectsunder conditions...

Ophthalmologists frequently use mydriatics both for diagnosis (retinal exploration, refraction tests) and for treatment. Cyclopentolate is used to induce quick and successful mydriasis for pediatric eye examination. Hypersensitivity reaction to cyclopentolate is very uncommon, especially in children. We report the case of a child who experienced a hypersensitivity reaction to cyclopentolate dur...

Cycloplegia is loss of the power of accommodation with inhibition of a ciliary muscle. We obtain in this way the smallest refraction of the lens and make it possible to determine the presence and size of the particular refractive error in cycloplegia by using cyclopentolate. Cyclopentolate is a synthetic anticholinergic drug and antagonist of the muscarine receptors. If applied in the eye, it b...

A n active ciliary body controls the eye’s accommodation process, allowing near focusing to occur. The ciliary body is made up mainly of smooth muscle, known as the ciliary muscle. Accommodation occurs when the muscarinic receptors within the ciliary muscle are stimulated by the parasympathetic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (see Part 1 Optician 29.06.12). The ciliary muscle then contracts, pu...