Cytokinins are hormones that regulate cell division and development. As a result of a lack of specific mutants and biochemical tools, it has not been possible to study the consequences of cytokinin deficiency. Cytokinin-deficient plants are expected to yield information about processes in which cytokinins are limiting and that, therefore, they might regulate. We have engineered transgenic Arabi...

Root-synthesized cytokinins regulate the growth, development, and stress responses of aboveground tissues follow transport route via xylem tissue. Arabidopsis ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family member 14 (AtABCG14) is involved in loading root-synthesized cytokinins. However, phloem unloading cytokinin shoot distribution have remained elusive. The recent study by Zhao et al., (2021)...

Phytohormones have long been recognized as modulators of growth and differentiation in plants. Early studies with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) callus culture (Skoog and Miller, 1957) indicated that treatments with auxins and cytokinins, two major classes of phytohormones, could be used to manipulate morphogenesis. The involvement of cytokinins in a variety of plant developmental processes, su...

Cytokinins are hormones that play an essential role in plant growth and development. The irreversible degradation of cytokinins, catalyzed by cytokinin oxidase, is an important mechanism by which plants modulate their cytokinin levels. Cytokinin oxidase has been well characterized biochemically, but its regulation at the molecular level is not well understood. We isolated a cytokinin oxidase op...

The cytokinin class of plant hormones plays key roles in regulating diverse developmental and physiological processes. Arabidopsis perceives cytokinins with three related and partially redundant receptor histidine kinases (HKs): CRE1 (the same protein as WOL and AHK4), AHK2, and AHK3 (CRE-family receptors). It is suggested that binding of cytokinins induces autophosphorylation of these HKs and ...

BACKGROUND When applied to a nutrition solution or agar media, the non-substituted aromatic cytokinins caused thickening and shortening of the primary root, had an inhibitory effect on lateral root branching, and even showed some negative effects on development of the aerial part at as low as a 10 nanomolar concentration. Novel analogues of aromatic cytokinins ranking among topolins substituted...

The formation of active oxygen species affects the morphogenesis of plant cells and tissues and inhibits the process of development during in vitro cultivation. Cytokinins have been found to be effective free radical scavengers. Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) is among enzymes expressing antioxidative functions. The present study was focused on the effect of N6-benzyladenine (BA), and N1-(2-chloro-4-p...

We report here on a comparative developmental profile of plant hormone cytokinins in relation to cell size, cell number and endoreduplication in developing maize caryopsis of a cell wall invertase-deficient miniature1 (mn1) seed mutant and its wild type, Mn1, genotype. Both genotypes showed extremely high levels of total cytokinins during the very early stages of development, followed by a mark...

The production of hormones has been suggested to be one of the mechanisms by which plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth. To evaluate whether the free-living soil bacterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, releases the hormone group cytokinins and, if so, their identity, the content of cytokinins in the growth media, before and after cultivation of this bacterium, was deter...

We have developed a N6-dimethylallyladenine (cytokinin) dehydrogenase-based microbiosensor for real-time determination of the family of hormones known as cytokinins. Cytokinin dehydrogenase from Zea mays (ZmCKX1) was immobilised concurrently with electrodeposition of a silica gel film on the surface of a Pt microelectrode, which was further functionalized by free electron mediator 2,6-dichlorop...