This article is the result of a qualitative field research. The research location at At-Tahdzib Islamic Boarding School Rejoagung Ngoro Jombang. direction discussion in this how to place marriage tradition following Kyai within framework maqasid and shariah. researcher uses al-nikah shariah theory explaining position Kyai, because theories. argues that provides advocacy for protection bride gro...

in the timurid period, the emirs were mostly turkish-mongol and the viziers were iranian. the non-distinction between the civil and military affairs and the power and authority of the emirs and the attempts of the iranian bureaucrats in maintaining their own interests, had prepared the ground for the permanent conflict and competition between them. the long vizierate period of khawja qiyāth al-...

the history of jahangosha is a literary-historical work created byata malik joweini using verbal and spiritual industries and several metaphors and allegories from different quranic and islamic traditions and persian and arabic poems. one important aspect of this work, adducing or borrowing from arabic distiches, is going to be analyzed in this paper. joweini has used many different arabic vers...

Abstract This paper is devoted to a fascinating passage in Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210), which he argues that non-human animals have rational souls. It found his Mulaḫḫaṣ fī l-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma ( Epitome on Philosophy and Logic ). Following discussion of the afterlife, suggests should, like humans, be capable grasping universals, they are aware their own identity over time. Furthermore, animal...