Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration is essential for agricultural management and water resources engineering applications. In the present study, ability precision three artificial intelligence (AI) models (i.e., Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Categorical Boosting (CatBoost)) were assessed estimating daily (ET0) using limited weather...

With a growing number of nations interested in planetary exploration, research and development of extraterrestrial rovers have been intensified. The usual practice is to test the performances of rovers on soil simulants on earth, prior to their deployment to extraterrestrial bodies. It is noted that in the tests the soil simulant is subject to the earth gravity, while the terrain on the extrate...

Air temperature is a key variable in wide range of environmental applications, including land–atmosphere interaction, climate change research and hydrology crop growth models, among others. The objective this study was to estimate daily maximum (Tmax) minimum (Tmin) temperatures, based on MODIS AQUA/TERRA land surface (LST), NDVI, extraterrestrial solar radiation precipitation data. Artificial ...

A model has been developed for the prediction of water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and fish growth using stochastically generated input weather variables. The model has been calibrated and validated using data from pond sites in Thailand, Honduras, and Rwanda. The model includes modules for the generation of weather parameter values, and for the calculation of water quality and fish gro...

In this study, an analysis of the monthly mean values of the fraction of the sky covered by clouds (C) of all types and the duration of bright sunshine hours (S) and global solar radiation on the horizontal surface (H) was carried out to establish relationship for solar radiation estimation for Bangladesh. The relationship between C and (1 − S/S0), where S0 is the maximum possible hours of suns...

In the last decades, substantial changes have occurred regarding what scientists consider the limits of habitable environmental conditions. For every extreme environmental condition investigated, a variety of microorganisms have shown that not only can they tolerate these conditions, but that they also often require these extreme conditions for survival. Microbes can return to life even after h...

Clonogenic assay or colony formation assay is an in vitro cell survival assay based on the ability of a single cell to grow into a colony. The colony is defined to consist of at least 50 cells. The assay essentially tests every cell in the population for its ability to undergo ‘‘unlimited’’ division. Clonogenic assay is the method of choice to determine cell reproductive death after treatment w...