Introduction In modern dairy cattle operations, antimicrobials are administered for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Most antimicrobials are used therapeutically but some antimicrobials are used to prevent disease in healthy animals during periods of increased susceptibility. Mastitis is one of the most frequent infectious diseases in dairy cattle and accounts for most of the doses o...

the base of this review is to consider the relevant role that animal factors (potential milk yield, body weight, body condition score, state of lactation, parity and fertility) play on milk performance (considering the energy balance and the rumen function across the full lactation curve of animals) and milk quality (milk protein content, milk fat content, milk lactose content, vitamins, minera...

Myiasis is the condition where larvae of certain fly species use living hosts as a food source for their growth and development. The results of a retrospective study on the incidence of myiasis among dairy animals in Punjab (India) are reported. A total of 470 larval samples were collected from myiasis affected animals from the different districts of Punjab. The Old World Screwworm (OWS) flyChr...

A gastrointestinal problem known as ‘bloody gut’ has been recognized with increasing frequency in dairy cows over the last decade. The disease is also called jejunal hemorrhage syndrome or hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS). These different names are quite descriptive of the way the problem appears in affected cows. Animals may be affected individually, or in a cluster of several affected on the ...

The efficient dairy production depends greatly on proper decisions made at different production stages. Numerous genetic and environmental factors that influence animals performance could complicate decisions making, therefore, some toolkit for facilitation of breeding and management decisions on dairy farm is required. Lactation curves, that are mathematical formulas that describe flow of milk...