Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) is a potent immunostimulator and immune adjuvant. The PGN of Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria contain meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP), and we have recently shown that the intracellular protein Nod1 is a PGN receptor and recognizes DAP-containing peptides. In this study, we achieved the synthesis of DAP-containing PGN fragments, i...

The meso (or D,L) isomer of diaminopimelic acid (DAP), a precursor of L-lysine, is a key component of the pentapeptide linker in bacterial peptidoglycan. While the peptidoglycan incorporated in the highly complex cell wall of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis structurally resembles that of Escherichia coli, it is unique in that it can contain penicillin-resistant meso-DAP-->meso-DAP linka...

The synthesis, structures, optical and electrochemical properties, and aromaticity of a series of 5,15-diaza-10,20-dimesitylporphyrins (M-DAP; M = Pb, H(2), Ni, Pd, Pt, Zn; mesityl = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) are reported. Treatment of mesityl-substituted bis(5,5'-dibromodipyrrin) with sodium azide in the presence of lead(II) acetylacetonate afforded Pb-DAP, which was quantitatively converted to H...

Mutations in liaFSR, a three-component regulatory system controlling cell-envelope stress response, were recently linked with the emergence of daptomycin (DAP) resistance in enterococci. Our previous work showed that a liaF mutation increased the DAP MIC of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strain from 1 to 3 μg/ml (the DAP breakpoint is 4 μg/ml), suggesting that mutations in the lia...

Transactional Memory (TM) implementations guaranteeing disjoint-access parallelism (DAP) are desirable on multi-core architectures because they can exploit low-level parallelism. In this paper we look for a breach in the wall of existing impossibility results on DAP TMs, by identifying the strongest consistency and liveness guarantees that a DAP TM can ensure while maximizing efficiency in read...

Patient dosimetry studies in diagnostic radiology in Nigeria have been on measurement of entrance skin dose and effective dose. Another important and easy to measure radiation dose descriptor that could be used to assess patient dose in radiological procedures is dose area product (DAP). Knowledge of DAP with location and projection of X-ray beam allows direct calculation of organ dose and effe...

We compared the cell membrane (CM) lipid composition among nine well-characterized daptomycin-susceptible (Dap(s))/Dap-resistant (Dap(r)) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain pairs. Compared to the 9 Dap(s) parental strains, Dap(r) strains (with or without mprF-yycFG mutations) exhibited significantly reduced phosphatidylglycerol (PG) content (P < 0.01), significantly incre...

A photoreactive derivative of a tetradecapeptide G-protein activator (peptide Q) derived from the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor was designed and used to label purified G-protein (Go/Gi). N-bromoacetyl-N'-(3-diazopyruvoyl)-m-phenylene-diamine (Br-DAP) was conjugated to the C-terminal cysteine of peptide Q. The DAP-modified peptide Q (DAP-Q) specifically incorporated into the a subunit of Go. The i...

In a screen for genes that interact with the Rap1 GTPase, we have identified a Drosophila gene, dacapo (dap), which is a member of the p21/p27 family of cdk inhibitors. Unlike mammalian cdk inhibitors studied to date, dap is essential for normal embryonic development. Dacapo inhibits cyclin-cdk activity in vitro. Overexpressing dap during eye development interferes with cell cycle progression a...

INTRODUCTION Medical device infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These difficult-to-treat infections often result in antibiotic failure and resistance. Combination therapy is often required, however, the most optimal combination is unknown. We evaluated the in vitro activity of daptomycin (DAP) or vancomycin (VAN) alone and in combination with rifampin (RIF) or cl...