OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of 4 and 40 microA direct current (DC) on edema formation after burn injury in rats. DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Silver-nylon wound dressings were used as either anodes (-) or cathodes (+) on 20% total body surface area full-thickness scalds in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Untreated burned rats and rats treated with silver-nylon dressings without c...

Abstract: This paper presents an on-board vehicular battery charger that integrates bidirectional AC/DC converter and DC/DC converter to achieve high power density for application in electric vehicles (EVs). The integrated charger is able to transfer electrical energy between the battery pack and the electric traction system and to function as an AC/DC battery charger. The integrated charger to...

This paper presents a smart DC micro-grid system for plug-in electric vehicle charging and discharging. This DC microgrid integrates the plug-in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) & plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) together with the AC supply module, storage energy module, and intelligent control module. By connecting with the AC power source and the storage energy module, this grid can of...

Control of stem cell migration and differentiation is vital for efficient stem cell therapy. Literature reporting electric field-guided migration and differentiation is emerging. However, it is unknown if a field that causes cell migration is also capable of guiding cell differentiation--and the mechanisms for these processes remain unclear. Here, we report that a 115 V/m direct current (DC) el...

This paper presents a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel motor drive control scheme for electric/hybrid electric vehicles where each phase of a three-phase cascaded multilevel converter can be implemented using only a single DC source and capacitors for the other DC sources. Traditionally, each phase of a three-phase cascaded multilevel converter requires n DC sources for 2n + 1 output voltage...

Introduction The widespread use of battery operated portable devices such as cell phones and laptops has created the need for DC to DC conversion power supplies such as switched mode power supplies. According to an Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) study [1], the amount of electricity that flowed through switched mode power supplies in 2004 was “6% of the national electric bill”. The pro...

We present the characteristics of the response of equatorial ionospheric zonal electric ®eld and Fregion plasma density to the asymmetric ring current intensi®cations that occurred in succession on 16 December 1991, corresponding to the STEP/EITS-2 campaign period. The study is based on high-timeresolution (1-min) data of asymmetic ring current indices, ASY(H/D) and F-region vertical plasma dri...

This paper presents a unified model for bi-directional DC-DC converters for both directions of power flow. The bi-directional DC-DC converter is analyzed using a seamless dynamic model with an independent voltage source and an independent current source, which polarity depends on the direction of the power flow. A small signal model is derived using a state space averaging method. Furthermore, ...

Background: Cellular biomechanics can be manipulated by strong electric fields, manifested by the field-induced membrane deformation and migration (galvanotaxis), which significantly impacts normal cellular physiology. Artificial giant vesicles that mimic the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane have been used to investigate the membrane biomechanics subjected to electric fields. Under a s...