Severe hypernatraemia in a hospital population should be an avoidable problem. We have looked at its causes and incidence over one year and have shown that serious hypernatraemia (serum sodium greater than 160 mmol/l) as a manifestation of severe dehydration is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Failure to maintain adequate fluid intake, intentional or unintentional, was the most f...

In a case-control study we evaluated the role of maternal behaviour, as reflected in maintenance of breast feeding and the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) at home during acute diarrhoea, in preventing dehydration in infants and young children. A systematic 5% sample was taken of all children aged 1-35 months attending the treatment centre of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease...

Oligonucleotide-streptolysin S complex inactivated by alkali treatment remains nonhemolytic, even after acidification and mixing with intact carrier oligonucleotide rich in guanyl residue. Upon dehydration, however, the inactive streptolysin S-oligonucleotide mixture turned to be hemolytic, and this reactivation of the hemolysin was promoted by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride. After alka...

Diarrhea morbidity and mortality remain important child health problems in low- and middle-income countries. The treatment of diarrhea and accurate measurement of treatment coverage are critical if child mortality is going to continue to decline. In this review, we examine diarrhea treatment coverage indicators collected in two large-scale community-based household surveys--the Demographic and ...

Spinal ganglia of rabbits and cats were prepared for histological examination in a variety of ways. Dark staining multangular cells are present in sections after fixation with formaldehyde succeeded by (a) alcoholic dehydration; (b) sectioning with the freezing microtome. Sections treated in other ways, including freezing-drying, only have the typical small and large round cells. It is suggeste...

OBJECTIVE To determine the validity and reliability of various clinical findings in the diagnosis of dehydration in children. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING An urban pediatric hospital emergency department. PARTICIPANTS One hundred eighty-six children ranging in age from 1 month to 5 years old with diarrhea, vomiting, or poor oral fluid intake, either admitted or followed as out...

In this study the efficacy of oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with that of intravenous fluid (IVF) in the treatment of moderate and some severe cases of dehydration due to diarrhea in a treatment center in Bangladesh during 1980-81. 10,379 patients with moderate and severe dehydration in 1980 and 9897 in 1981 were studied, most were under age 5. Almost all uncomplicated diarrhea ...

1. Recognize the electrolyte changes associated with isotonic dehydration. 2. Effectively manage a child who has isotonic dehydration. 3. Understand the importance of early feedings on the nutritional status of a child who has gastroenteritis. 4. Fully understand that antidiarrheal agents are not indicated nor recommended in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children. 5. Recognize the r...

The biosynthesis of several classes of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides involves dehydration of serine and threonine residues. For class I lantibiotics, thiopeptides, and goadsporin, this dehydration is catalyzed by lanthionine biosynthetic enzyme B (LanB) or LanB-like proteins. Although LanB proteins have been studied since 1992, in vitro reconstitution of thei...

Plants subjected to a prior dehydration stress were seen to have altered transcriptional responses during a subsequent dehydration stress for up to 5 days after the initial stress. The abscisic acid (ABA) inducible RD29B gene of Arabidopsis thaliana was strongly induced after the first stress and displayed transcriptional memory with transcript levels nine-fold higher during the second dehydrat...