A conducting composite prepared by dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a host matrix consisting of Nafion, electrochemically doped with copper, has been prepared, characterized and used to modify one of the gold electrodes of simply designed electrochemical cells having copier grade transparency sheets as substrates. Electrical measurements performed in deionized water show t...

This study was designed to determine the in vitro fluoride output from controlled-release devices in stimulated, whole human saliva, and to assess changes in the salivary calcium concentration following immersion of the devices. Twenty fluoride (F) controlled-release devices of the hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)-type were employed. Each was designed to release 1-2 mg...

A new method is described for characterizing the physicochemical properties of native microbial cells by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) with chemically functionalized probes. Adhesion forces were measured, under deionized water, between probes and model substrata functionalized with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers terminated with OH and CH(3) groups. These were found to be 6 +/- 2 nN...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Smear layer removal with EDTA from root canal walls allows greater cleaning and disinfection of root canals. However, because Er:YAG laser acts on the removal of the smear layer, the objective of investigation was to analyze in vitro the effect of Er:YAG laser on dentin root canal wall permeability after endodontic instrumentation and irrigation with water or sodium hy...

The fluoride release of restorative materials in deionized water has been the subject of many studies, but the behavior of these materials under conditions of acid challenge that simulates the oral cavity, needs to be further explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release of restorative materials in two storage protocols: deionized water and pH-cycling system (d...

Freon-TF is no better a cleaning fluid than deionized water for removing either organic (polystyrene latex spheres) or inorganic (glass beads) particles from silicon wafer surfaces, as shown by comparative measurements of cleaning efficiencies in both an ultrasonic bath and a hydrodynamic cleaning apparatus. A primary reason for this lackluster performance is the higher van der Waals’ forces of...

Fluorinated alcohols such as hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and trifluoroethanol (TFE) have the ability to promote α-helix and β-hairpin structure in proteins and peptides. HFIP has been used extensively to dissolve various amyloidogenic proteins and peptides including Aβ, in order to ensure their monomeric status. In this paper, we have investigated the self-assembly of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 in a...

This paper presents a planar biochip consisting of electromagnetically coupled, symmetric, square open loops for the multiparameter microwave characterization of deionized water, a phosphate-buffered saline solution, and a fructose-deionized water solution. The characterization additionally includes the probing of an ultralow glucose concentration in a very small volume of human sera and in sol...

Forward osmosis (FO) has recently drawn attention as a promising membrane based method for seawater and brackish water desalination. In this study, we focus on the use of calciun chloride (CaCl2) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) as inorganic salt draw solution candidates due to their appropriate performance in water flux and reverse salt diffusion as well as reasonable cost. The experiments we...