The distribution of extracellular enzyme activities in particle-size fractions of sediments was investigated in a subtropical mangrove ecosystem. Five enzymes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling were analyzed in the sand, silt, and clay of sediments. Among these fractions, the highest activities of phenol oxidase (PHO), β-D glucosidase (GLU), and N-acetyl-glucosimin...

In Euler-Lagrange models for particulate systems, the information exchange of multiphase coupling terms, i.e. drag force, heat transfer, or mass is often smoothed from particles' location to nearby computational cells when cell and particle sizes are comparable. The diffusion-based smoothing among most popular approach. However, it comes polydisperse state-of-the-art constant diffusivity approa...

conclusions this study demonstrated that physicochemical properties, in vitro release and rat intestine permeability were dependent upon the contents of s/c, water and oil percentage in formulations. background self-emulsifying drug delivery system is an isotropic mixture of natural or synthetic oils, non-ionic surfactants or, one or more hydrophilic solvent and co-solvents/surfactant and polym...

The pollution of aquatic systems with microplastics (MPs) affects marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. However, little is known about the size-dependent retention time these inert particles. To approach this question, MP particles was examined in two distinct differences gastrointestinal morphology: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) a true stomach, stomachless common carp (Cyprinus c...

in this article, multiple-product pvrp with pickup and delivery that is used widely in goods distribution or other service companies, especially by railways, was introduced. a mathematical formulation was provided for this problem. each product had a set of vehicles which could carry the product and pickup and delivery could simultaneously occur. to solve the problem, two meta-heuristic methods...

Measurements of soot properties by means of laser-induced incandescence (LII) and combined scattering-extinction were performed in well-characterized premixed ethylene-air flames. In particular, the possibility of using LII as a tool for quantitative particle sizing was investigated. Particle sizes were evaluated from the temporal decay of the LII signal combined with heat balance modeling of l...

DNA origami nanopore with large size of a 10 nm square, equipping tunable lid, enables size-selective molecular transportation through the lipid membrane giant vesicle.