Financial instruments are one of the fundamental dimensions of financial markets that guarantee their efficiency and effectiveness of these markets. These instruments playe a main role in economy to direct money from saving sources to investment needs. These instruments provide possibility of financing companies from public and private sources and also are considered as investment instruments f...

We contrast Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), the theoretical basis for the development of financial instruments, with a dynamical picture of an interacting market, in a simple setting. The proliferation of financial instruments apparently provides more means for risk diversification, making the market more efficient and complete. In the simple market of interacting traders discussed here, the pr...

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the impact of financial derivatives use on bank risk. For this purpose, banks operating in D-8 countries, are investigated. 
 Design/Methodology: While relationship between risk and derivative utilize is examined, some bank-specific control variables added model. Due sample structure endogeneity problem study, hypotheses were tested again by using Gen...

We develop an analytical framework for the valuation of options contracts for physical delivery that enable risk-sharing between the trading partners. The spot market price risk, the buyer’s demand risk and the seller’s marginal cost risk, which are key to many industrial settings such as the chemical industry, are explicitly incorporated. Analytical expressions for the buyer’s optimal reservat...

We compute and estimate the two risks that keep Brazilian interest rates extremely high: the currency and country risks. The Brazil risk is directly measured from fixed income instruments and derivatives, while the currency risk is estimated via Kalman Filter. Results identify a few important components of the Brazil risk, as the convertibility risk and the international financial markets condi...

SPRING 2000 T he impact of weather on business activities is enormous and varies both geographically and seasonally. For example, the 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 El Niño conditions were associated with warm winters in the eastern and midwestern U.S., resulting in significant energy cost savings for consumers and businesses. In addition, these conditions suppressed hurricane activities in the Atlant...