Acute local toxicity refers to the local toxic effects that may result from a single exposure to a chemical or product, by way of the oral, dermal, ocular or inhalation routes. The exposure can be incidental, accidental or deliberate (for example, in the case of cosmetics and certain medicines). The dermal route of exposure can also be a significant route for entry into the systemic circulation...

Arecoline Absorption after dermal application Hayes et al. (1989) developed a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique for quantitative analysis of arecoline in blood plasma, in the concentration range 1–50 ng/mL, which was used on plasma samples from healthy volunteers [number not given] who had received transdermal doses at 3 mg/h. The time–concentration profile showed a maximum...

Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a fungicide that is used for postharvest application to fruit and vegetables. It can also be mixed with paint to inhibit the growth of mildew. During 1982 to 1992, a total of 17 human illness/injury cases associated with exposure to TBZ were reported in California. Most of these cases were skin rashes that occurred following handling treated fruit in packing facilities. W...

This analysis compares two deterministic reentry exposure models that differ in their treatment of the time dependence of dermal absorption. The first model, called the "traditional model," assumes that dermal absorption is a fixed fraction of the cumulative load on skin at the end of the workshift and that absorption is independent of residence time on the skin. The second model, called the "t...

This study was conducted to evaluate the dermal absorption of arsenic from residues present on the surface of wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). The research reported herein used methods parallel to those of earlier research on the dermal absorption of radiolabeled arsenic (R. C. Wester et al., 1993, Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 20, 336-340), with modifications to allow use of environ...