Health is a valuable asset which paves the way for the development of personal capabilities and helps the steady development of the society (1). Promoting health is not only a responsibility but also a right and as mentioned by the Iranian constitution and the intra-and inter-department health documents, the government is responsible to guarantee the provision of high quality care to every Iran...

The coastal landscape is relatively new and complex category that offers the potential of sharing the sciences of architecture, perspective, nature and the environment, tourism and hospitality, beyond their physical effects on one another, their widespread effects in enhancing identity and the quality of the architectural atmosphere cannot be ignored. Approaches to greeting with beaches in Isla...

BACKGROUND Since diseases and surgeries could be very painful, the annihilation of pain has been the most important goal of physicians. The history of Iranian-Islamic medicine includes distinguished physicians that attempted to find different methods of anesthesia. This research aims at reviewing approaches for anesthesia throughout the history of the Iranian-Islamic medicine, in order to ident...

Patient-centred system of care is essential in managing many disorders such as diabetes mellitus. The cultural and religious context can influence the involvement of patients and their families in such a care. We intend to discuss patient-centred care in diabetology in view of Islam. For more clarification, we will take into consideration a few illustrative lines of argument in detail about sit...

From the beginning of the Islamic era, Muslim societies have experienced periods of renewal (tajdid). Since the eighteenth century, Muslim societies across the world have been subject to a prolonged and increasingly deeply felt process of renewal. This has been expressed in different ways in different contexts. Amongst political elites with immediate concerns to answer the challenges of the Wes...

Studying the history of science could help develop an understanding of the contributions made by ancient nations towards scientific advances. Although Iranians had an important impact on the improvement of science, the history of Iranian medicine seems not to have been given enough attention by historians. The present study focused on the history of anesthesia and pain management in Iranian med...