This paper presents and analyzes a new dynamic element matching technique for low-harmonic distortion digitalto-analog conversion. The benefit of this technique over the prior art is a significantly reduced hardware complexity with no reduction in performance. It is particularly appropriate for applications such as direct digital synthesis (DDS) in wireless communications systems, where low har...

Frequency synthesis is one of the most important and most actively researched subjects in the field of VLSI mixed-signal circuit design. Among the existing techniques in this area, phase locked loop fractional architecture is a widely used one for generating frequencies which are not integer multiple of the input reference frequency. Flying-Adder architecture is an emerging technique which is b...

With the advent of digital computers the engineers felt the need of utilizing computer advantages in the industrial process through the centralized control system. This thought led to the introduction of direct digital control (DDC) phylisophy. In this paper the author has presented a brief review of the structure of DDC as well as its working with illustration. The two types of algorithm used ...

Recently, numerous watermarking-based techniques for intellectual property protection of DSP artifacts, such as images, compressed and uncompressed audio and video data, and text documents have been proposed. However, the applicability of all techniques proposed until now are limited to digital data and they either implicitly or explicitly exploit the imperfection of human perception to audio a...

Frequency synthesizers find use in all high frequency applications such as communications, radar, digital communications, electronic imaging and spectroscopy [1]. There are three main techniques commonly used 1) PLL synthesizers based on a feedback mechanism to lock to a reference frequency. The popularity of the PLL is due to their extended tracking range and low cost. 2) Direct analog frequen...

dual spacization of publishing means emergence of digital publishing in online and offline virtual environments along with analogue publishing. analogue publishing is a kind of publishing that is produced in the form of physical printed writings as they appear in a single paper, single or many pages newspapers and magazines and books, writings on leaves and pieces of trees, natural skin and lea...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Digital panoramic X-ray images can be captured using photostimulable phosphors or solid-state detectors (i.e. charge-coupled devices and Flat-Panels). The first category is defined as computed radiography (CR) or semi-direct radiography. The second technology that uses solid-state detectors is known as direct digital radiography (DDR). Both of these technologies have their o...

This paper presents a novel algorithm and architecture for digital frequency synthesis DFS . It is based on a simple difference equation. Simulation results show that the proposed DFS algorithm is preferable to the conventional phase-locked-loop frequency synthesizer and the direct digital frequency synthesizer in terms of the spurious-free dynamic range SFDR and the peak-signalto-noise ratio P...