Biogas yield of mixtures of cattle slurry and cheese whey, rates of production of methane, removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from the mixtures were investigated at 35°C. Four feed regimens (by volume) were studied. Stable biogas production of 621 l/kg Volatile Solids at an Hydraulic Retention Time of 42 days in a mixture containing 50% slurr...

The quest for an effective alternative means for effluent treatment is a major concern of the modern-day scientist. Fungi have been attracting a growing interest for the biological treatment of industrial wastewater. In this study, Saccharomycescerevisiae and Torulasporadelbrueckii were isolated from spoiled watermelon and inoculated into different concentrations of effluent. The inoculants wer...

Four different strategies of pulping and bleaching were carried out to develop alternative mechanistic ecoenvironmental friendly approaches and generated effluent was characterised. Strategy-I included Phanerochaete sp. fungal pretreatment followed by conventional bleaching, whereas in strategy-II, fungal pretreatment was followed by enzyme xylanase aided bleaching. Strategy-III also included x...

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective and biodegradable dispersant of spilled oil in water surrounding two Persian Gulf provinces. METHODS This study compared the effects of three dispersants, Pars 1, Pars 2, and Gamlen OD4000 on removal of oil in two Persian Gulf provinces' water. Overall, 16 stations were selected. Using the Well method, the growth rate of isolated bacteria and fungi wa...

Seismic design procedures in current building provisions are based on linear and nonlinear static approaches that use capacity-demand index relationships such as the relationship between the lateral strength and the maximum lateral displacement. Previous research on the development of these relationships is based on linear-elastic ground motion acceleration response spectra, whereas the current...

near-fault ground motions have caused very much damage in the vicinity of seismic sources during recent earthquakes. it is well known that under specific circumstances, intensive ground shakings near fault ruptures may be characterized by short-duration impulsive motions. this pulse-type motion is generally particular to the forward direction, where the fault rupture propagates towards the site...

Architectural layouts of reinforced concrete buildings often require structural walls, with varying dimensions, to be placed in an asymmetric plan configuration. During seismic excitation the asymmetry induces a torsional component of response, which can impact negatively on the performance of the building by increasing demands on both structural and nonstructural elements. Furthermore, the tor...

the aim of this study was to represent effective componentsin demand chain which help organizations attain high performance levelsthrough identification of these components and determining theirdegree of importance. the following questions were major ideas of thisstudy: what are the most effective components in demand chain? andhow are they effective on organizational performance? to this end,m...

The contribution of renewable energy to meet worldwide demand continues to grow. Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable sectors, but new wind facilities are often placed in prime wildlife habitat. Long-term studies that incorporate a rigorous statistical design to evaluate the effects of wind facilities on wildlife are rare. We conducted a before-after-control-impact (BACI) assessm...

Sanitation improvement is crucial in saving lives that are lost due to water contamination. Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in low-income informal settlements in most developing countries. Furthermore, resources are being wasted on installing facilities that are later misused or never used because they do not meet the local demand. Understanding demand for impr...