What does the term "nucleophilic substitution" imply? • A nucleophile is an the electron rich species that will react with an electron poor species • A substitution implies that one group replaces another. Nucleophilic substitution reactions occur when an electron rich species, the nucleophile, reacts at an electrophilic saturated C atom attached to an electronegative group (important), the lea...

Given a set S of n static points and a free point p in the Euclidean plane, we study a new variation of the minimum enclosing circle problem, in which a dynamic weight that equals to the reciprocal of the distance from the free point p to the undetermined circle center is included. In this work, we prove the optimal solution of the new problem is unique and lies on the boundary of the farthest-...

The work presented in this paper shows the way to generate colored paper mosaics using computer graphics techniques. Following two tasks need to be done to generate colored paper mosaic. The first one is to generate colored paper tile and the other one is to arrange the tile. Voronoi Diagram and Random Point Displacement have been used in this paper to come up with the shape of the tile. And, e...

This paper introduces an optical measurement system for shock wave characteristics. The system works by mountinga metal plate attached to spring mounts against the shock wavefront. This set is sealed and can plot the shock wave pressure diagram by measuring plate's displacement, radiation and changing the reflection of light during shock wave conflict, and converting these optical data to volta...

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the performance of phonatory deviation diagram and its measurements in monitoring voice quality before after exercise individuals with Parkinson's Disease. Methods Retrospective documentary study. A sample 30 subjects was used, 50% male, a mean age 62.13 ± 9.05 years. The results were analyzed, moments vocal pushing technique associated plosive sounds, considering are...

one of the most intensive occurrences of magmatism in iran was in the middle jurassic period. among the granitoid intrusions in this period as discrete bodies or complexes can be pointed to aligoodarz, alvand, astaneh, boroujerd, malayer, and chah-dozdan in the sanandaj-sirjan zone; shir-kuh and ayrakan in the central iran zone; shah-kuh, sorkh-kuh and kalateh-ahani in the lut block. these gran...

Gait patterns, joint angles, floor reaction forces and joint moments during walking were investigated for normal subjects and above-knee and below-knee amputees. The investigation showed that the hip-knee angle diagram as well as different symmetry diagrams (e.g. left knee angle versus right knee angle) provide an easily interpreted means of evaluating abnormalities in the gait pattern. It was ...

Using Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff relations, the squeeze and harmonicoscillator time-displacement operators are given in the form exp[δI ] exp[α(x)] exp[β(x∂)] exp[γ(∂)], where α, β, γ, and δ are explicitly determined. Applications are discussed. Email: [email protected]

Gated molecular encapsulations, with baskets of type 1, are postulated to occur by the mechanism in which solvent molecule penetrates the inner space of 1, through one of its apertures, while the residing guest simultaneously departs the cavity. In the transition state of the exchange, three pyridine-based gates are proposed to assume an open position with both incoming solvent and departing gu...

Geometrical disorder is present in many physical situations giving rise to eigenvalue problems. The simplest case of diffusion on a random lattice with fluctuating site connectivities is studied analytically and by exact numerical diagonalizations. Localization of eigenmodes is shown to be induced by geometrical defects, that is sites with abnormally low or large connectivities. We expose a " s...