The vast majority of RFID authentication protocols assume the proximity between readers and tags due to the limited range of the radio channel. However, in real scenarios an intruder can be located between the prover (tag) and the verifier (reader) and trick this last one into thinking that the prover is in close proximity. This attack is generally known as a relay attack in which scope distanc...

In this paper we analyze the response of the electric power grid to a hypothetical nuclear attack inside a major city in the US. We assume that the protective devices of the power system located within a given distance of the attack will be affected by the resulting radiation and hence will not work. A probabilistic examination of the resulting power surges indicates that, if left unchecked, th...

This paper proposes a cooperative communication scheme for improving wireless communication performance. By the distance of between transmitter and receiver, the signal from the transmitter is distorted for various reasons such as inter-cell interference (ICI), power reduction, incorrect channel estimation. In order to solve problems, the proposed scheme uses the relay. By the relay, the commun...

Most studies in relay coordination have focused solely on coordination of overcurrent relays while distance relays are used as the main protection of transmission lines. Since, simultaneous coordination of these two types of relays can provide a better protection, in this paper, a new approach is proposed for simultaneous coordination of distance and directional overcurrent relays (D&DOCRs). Al...