BACKGROUND Prior economic evaluations of adult and adolescent vaccination strategies against pertussis have reached disparate conclusions. Using static approaches only, previous studies failed to analytically include the indirect benefits derived from herd immunity as well as the impact of vaccination on the evolution of disease incidence over time. METHODS We assessed the impact of different...

In the present study, the potency and immunogenicity of the inactivated bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) produced by Razi institute in Iran were compared with a similar imported vaccine administered by standard methods to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. A total of 150 twenty-one-day-old SPF chickens were used for evaluating Razi and imported inactivated ...

background it is important to differentiate whether isolated anti-hbc is due to false positive results or the prior exposure to hepatitis b virus, because individuals with false-positive anti-hbc can benefit from vaccination and their blood can be safely transfused. to distinguish between these two conditions, we evaluated the serologic response to hepatitis b vaccine. methods ninety subjects w...

201 blood samples were collected by cluster sampling from 7-11 years old children and measles antibody titer was measured by hemagglutination inhibition test. despite testing all the sera, the results were analysed on the 139 samples that had documented vaccination records and no history of measles. among 139 children 44 had received 2 doses of vaccine one dose before 12 and one after 15 months...

BACKGROUND We report a first-in-human trial evaluating safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant BCG, AERAS-422, over-expressing TB antigens Ag85A, Ag85B, and Rv3407 and expressing mutant perfringolysin. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation trial in HIV-negative, healthy adult, BCG-naïve volunteers, negative for prior exposure to Mtb, at one US clinical site. Voluntee...

background mumps, measles and rubella viruses lead to various kinds of complica- tions such as meningoencephalitis, deafness, congenital abnormalities and even cause mortality in malnourished patients,. since 2004, mmr vaccination in two series of one year of age and four to six years has been administered to iranian children as a part of routine vaccination program. recently, mmr vaccination s...

Background: Studies on efficacy of various vaccines that prevent or reduce the primary and recurrent HSV-1 infection have demonstrated the importance of cellular immunity for protection against the infection. We previously used DNA vaccination to induce cellular immunity against HSV-1 infection in mice. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of LIGHT, a member of TNF super f...

OBJECTIVE To describe quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage achieved in the HPV vaccination catch-up program for girls aged 12-17 years. DESIGN Analysis of data from the Australian National HPV Vaccination Program Register. PARTICIPANTS Girls aged 12-17 years as at 30 June 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES HPV vaccine coverage by dose (1, 2 and 3), age and state of reside...