our prior study found  that transforming growth factor  beta-induced (tgfbi) is  an important negative regulator in tlr-induced inflammation. however, whether tgfbi may affect inflammation during lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced endotoxin tolerance (et) is still unclear.this study aimed to investigate whether tgfbi was involved in the mechanisms of et in human through dampening nuclear factor-k...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of patience and its components (transcendence, tolerance, contentment, persistence, and hesitation) in predicting bullying among primary school children in shiraz, iran. another purpose was to compare patience and bullying between male and female students. method: the participants were 317 elementary school students (169 female...

background facultative marine fungi could potentially be arsenic tolerant and may be able to remove this highly poisonous metal from the environment. objectives the objective of this work was to explore the degree of tolerance and removal efficiency of two facultative marine fungi. materials and methods facultative marine fungi aspergillus flavus and rhizopus spp. were exposed to 25 mg/l and 50...

dendritic cells (dcs) are a heterogeneous family of professional apcs involved in priming adaptive immune responses. donor dcs (direct pathway of allorecognition) and recipient dcs presenting processed donor major histocompatibility complex (mhc) as peptides (indirect pathway of allorecognition) participate actively in graft rejection by stimulating recipient t cell responses following organ tr...

Introduction: Several researches have reported that stress is able to inhibit the development of morphine tolerance via activating of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. In the present study we tried to examine the effect of epinephrine, the product of adrenal medulla, on the development of morphine tolerance. Methods: Analgesic tolerance was induced by intrathecal (i.t.) injection of...

Introduction: Heavy metal contamination has necessitated a less expensive and non-destructive clean-up technique such as mycoremediation. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the tolerance of fungi species in different concentrations of heavy metals for their potential use in bioremediation. Materials and Methods: Fungi were isolated by serial dilution and spread plate technique...

cold tolerance is an adaptative mechanism that plants in temperate climates require to survive and grow in suboptimal temperatures.  exposed plant to low temperature produces a myriad of measurable changes in biochemical characters that are often highly correlated with plant cold tolerance.  a key element of cereal adaptation to cold is represented by the capacity for physiological adjustments ...

Oral tolerance is a physiological immune mechanism, which controls the outcome of deleterious hypersensitivity reactions to environmental antigens absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and maintains homeostasis. Using a mouse model of oral tolerance of delayed type hypersensitivity to contact allergens, i.e. haptens, we have examined the mechanisms involved in the induction of oral toler...

tolerance with the people with other beliefs is one of the ethical issues that are focused on in enlightenment europe. since lessing is known as a scout enlightenment in german literature so this article studies the concept of tolerance by him in the dramas minna von barnhelm and the jews. for this purpose, first the history of enlightenment europe from the beginning up to lessingʼs time that i...

previous studies have shown that the extract of papaver rhoeas reduces morphine dependence, locomotor activity and reward. in present study, the effects of hydro-alcohol extract of papaver rhoeas on the tolerance to analgesic effects of morphine in mice have been investigated using tail flick method. subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of morphine (1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) induced analgesia. howeve...