During 10 years penicillin resistance among clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae was more or less stable. The cumulative proportion of penicillin non susceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) was 13.0%; 7.2% when isolates with MIC = 2 mg/l were considered. Among PNSP only 2 strains were isolated from sterile body fluids, one having MIC >3.84 mg/l. Lack of susceptibility to cotrimoxazole was 38.4%. All iso...

Comments from Patrick Honohan are gratefully acknowledged. Still, the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.

Telemedicine is a vast subject, but as yet there are limited data on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of most telemedicine applications. As a result, objective information about the benefits and drawbacks of telemedicine is limited. This review is therefore based mainly on preliminary results, opinions and predictions. Many potential benefits of telemedicine can be envisaged, i...

The importance of arsenic detection techniques has received significant attention of researchers during recent years due to its carcinogenic effects on human health through drinking water even at low concentration. There are various arsenic detection techniques used in laboratory that have detection limit below 1μg/L viz., Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HGAAS), Graphite Furn...

Reference architectures (RA) have been studied to create a consistent notion of what constitutes them as well as their benefits and drawbacks. However, few empirical studies have been conducted to provide evidence that support the claims made. To increase this evidence, this paper investigates the actual industrial practice of using RAs. The study consists of a survey with 28 stakeholders from ...

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted negatively on our society and resulted in numerous deaths. It had an effect on every facet of health-care delivery. Rules, regulations, and payment policies were changed to allow extensive use of telecommunications technology in lieu of in-person clinical visits to protect health care personnel and patients throughout the country from the risk of disease trans...