Background: Drugs play a strategic role as a health commodity. Thus, the supply chain management of drugs is an important issue to reducing costs and thereby improving patient health. Objective: This study evaluated the status of drug supply chain management and health reform in the pharmaceutical sector of teaching hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. <strong...

BACKGROUND Many haemodialysis patients have residual renal function (RRF), which as such is insufficient to maintain satisfactory quality of life but reduces the demands of treatment and improves outcomes. In incremental dialysis, the dose is adjusted according to RRF, but how should it be done? METHODS Urea generation rate (G) and distribution volume (V) were determined by the double-pool ur...

In every dimension d ≥ 1, we establish the existence of a positive finite constant vd and of a subset Ud of R d such that the following holds: C + Ud = R d for every convex set C ⊂ R of volume at least vd and Ud contains at most log(r) r points at distance at most r from the origin, for every large r.

Medication errors are especially likely when health professionals engage in multiple tasks within a short time span. This situation occurs repeatedly in hospitals when pharmacists and technicians load unit-dose carts, and when nurses administer medications. Unit-dose carts are prepared daily, often manually, by technicians and then checked by pharmacists. These carts, containing thousands of pa...

Volumes of distribution are proportionality constants between total amount of drug in the body and plasma concentrations. As snapshot plasma drug concentrations may be measured in different conditions (at equilibrium, under pseudo-equilibrium condition,...), several volumes of distribution have been defined. The two most relevant are the volume of distribution at equilibrium (V(ss)), and the vo...

to investigate the interaction and adsorption of drug and carbon nanotube on human serum albumin, three anti-cancer drugs ([pd(phen)(r-gly)]no3, r = methyl, propyl and amyl) with different hydrophobic tails and anticancer activities were selected. these drugs have better anti-tumor activity and less side effects than that known cis-platinum drug. human serum albumin is also important for drug d...

The distribution of drugs within solid tumors presents a long-standing barrier for efficient cancer therapies. Tumors are highly resistant to diffusion, and the lack of blood and lymphatic flows suppresses convection. Prolonged, continuous intratumoral drug delivery from a miniature drug source offers an alternative to both systemic delivery and intratumoral injection. Presented here is a model...

The unit dose system of medication distribution is a pharmacy-coordinated method of dispensing and controlling medications in organized health-care settings. The unit dose system may differ in form, depending on the specific needs of the organization. However, the following distinctive elements are basic to all unit dose systems: medications are contained in single unit packages; they are dispe...

The process of compound selection and prioritization is crucial for both combinatorial chemistry (CBC) and high throughput screening (HTS). Compound libraries have to be screened for unwanted chemical structures, as well as for unwanted chemical properties. Property extrema can be eliminated by using property filters, in accordance with their actual distribution. Property distribution was exami...