We derive an exact closed-form representation for the Euclidean thermal Green function of the two-dimensional (2D) free massless scalar field in coordinate space. This can be interpreted as the real part of a complex analytic function of a variable that conformally maps the infinite strip −∞ < x < ∞ (0 < τ < β) of the z = x + iτ (τ : imaginary time) plane into the upper-half-plane. Use of the C...

In this article we generalize both ordinary and permutation voltage constructions to obtain all branched coverings of maps. We approach a map as a set of flags together with three fixed-point-free involutions and relate this approach with other standard representations. We define a lift as a function from these flags into a group. Ordinary voltage and ordinary current assignments are special ca...

In this paper, we investigate the surfaces generated by binormal motion of Bertrand curves, which is called Razzaboni surface, in Minkowski 3-space. We discussed the geometric properties of these surfaces in M according to the character of Bertrand geodesics. Then, we define the Razzaboni transformation for a given Razzaboni surface. In other words, we prove that there exists a dual of Razzabon...

We investigate some subtle and interesting phenomena in the du-ality theory of operator spaces and operator algebras. In particular, we give several applications of operator space theory, based on the surprising fact that certain maps are always w *-continuous on dual operator spaces. For example, this yields a new characterization of the σ-weakly closed (possibly nonunital and nonselfadjoint) ...

We show how to recursively construct all self–dual maps on the sphere together with their self–dualities, and classify them according to their edge–permutations. Although several well known classes of self–dual graphs, e.g., the wheels, have been known since the last century, [7], the general characteristics of self–dual graphs have only recently begun to be explored. In [10] two constructions ...

In order to understand the capabilities and limitations of quantum computers, it is necessary develop methods that efficiently characterize benchmark error channels present on these devices. this paper, we a method faithfully reconstructs marginal (local) approximation effective noise (MATEN) channel, acts as single layer at end circuit. We first introduce dual map framework allows us analytica...