The generalized trigonometric functions which have a short history, were introduced by Lindqvist two decades ago. Since 2010, many mathematician began to study their classical inequalities, general convexity and concavity, multiple-angle formulas and parameter convexity and concavity. A number of results have been obtained. This is a survey. Some new refinements, generalizations, applications, ...

Some decades ago the increasing importance of the telephony service pushed most telecom‐ munications companies (TELCOs) to deploy optical fibre networks. In order to guarantee appropriate service availability, these networks were designed in such a way that several independent paths were available between each pair of nodes, and in order to optimize these large capital investments several model...

The introduction of synchrotron radiation sources almost four decades ago has led to a revolutionary change in the way that diffraction data from macromolecular crystals are being collected. Here a brief history of the development of methodologies that took advantage of the availability of synchrotron sources are presented, and some personal experiences with the utilization of synchrotrons in t...

Dating back to decades or even centuries ago, colloidal nanophotonics during the last ten years rapidly extends towards light emitting devices, lasers, sensors and photonic circuitry to manifest itself as an emerging technology platform rather than an entirely academic research field.

A 71-year-old man complained of 5 years of progressive postural instability, more intense when standing up from bed, especially in darkness and during the day when walking on street. It lasted a few seconds and resolved spontaneously. No reference to vegetative symptoms, hearing loss or rotatory movements. Relevant personal clinical antecedents were slowly progressive visual loss that began at ...

Fractional calculus was introduced in many fields of science and engineering long time ago. It was first developed by mathematicians in the middle of the ninetieth century. During the past decades, fractional calculus has gained great interest in several applications [1]. For instance, fractional order systems and controllers have been applied to improve performance and robustness properties in...

results bulinus truncatus was detected in seven locations. in addition, melanoides tuberculata, which is also considered medically important, and physa acuta were detected. the prevalence of bulinus truncatus, melanoides tuberculata, and physa acuta was 6%, 5.5%, and 88.5%, respectively. background bulinus truncatus is the intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium, which is a causative agent...

This statement holds true now as it did nearly 20 years ago (1). Some patients have an excellent outcome, while others may suffer a long and debilitating illness. Those who do well are not the recipients of new breakthroughs in treatment. The variance in outcome is to some extent a reflection of inequalities in availability of expertise and delivery of medical and surgical treatments that have ...

BACKGROUND During the previous century Norway had a high incidence of tuberculosis, but no molecular epidemiological studies could be performed and these previously epidemic strains have been disappearing during the last decades. Currently, tuberculosis among native Norwegians is in the elimination phase, and it is still not known what type of M. tuberculosis was so efficiently controlled durin...