a 39-year-old iranian female patient who was a known case of primary cervical dystonia since 10 years ago presented to a private office for dysport injection. the patients experienced severe dysphagia after inferior alveolar nerve block which was preceded by cervical botolinum toxin injection. a possible synergistic effect of botolinum toxin and lidocaine to produce severe dysphagia is presente...

1 of 1 DESCRIPTION Our patient is a girl with pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration 1 and autosomal recessive transmission. She has marked contractions of the lower facial muscles and severe contraction of calf muscles, with both feet in a crooked position, more evident on the right side. Since infancy, she walked abnormally and was unstable when standing, due to progressive hyperton...

The current practice in Germany and Austria, and the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A; Dysport) in the treatment of patients with post-stroke arm spasticity (with no fixed upper-limb contractures), were assessed in this observational prospective non-interventional study. One treatment cycle was documented with assessments at baseline, approximately week 4 (optional), and ap...

Botulinum toxin is used in various fields of medicine, including in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Three products containing botulinum toxin are commercially available in Sweden; Botox, Dysport and Neurobloc. In the literature dose-response has varied with respect to these 3 products. We hypothesized that the dilution level of botulinum toxin is of importance for the effect and we therefore in...

This study aims to determine the most efficacious dose of Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) in reducing sialorrhea in Asian adults with neurological diseases. A prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted over 24 weeks. Thirty patients with significant sialorrhea were randomly assigned to receive a BoNT-A (Dysport(®)) injection into the submandibular and the parotid g...

OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated the injection patterns for botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of heterogeneous forms of cervical dystonia (CD). This large, prospective, open-label, multicentre study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 500 U botulinum toxin A for the initial treatment according to a standardised algorithm of the two most frequent forms of CD, predomi...

This secondary analysis of a large (n = 241), randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of 2 doses of abobotulinumtoxinA + standard of care (SOC) versus placebo + SOC in enabling children with dynamic equinus due to cerebral palsy to achieve their functional goals using Goal Attainment Scaling. Most parents/caregivers selected goals targeting aspects of gait improvement as most rele...

Botulinum is a family of toxins produced by the anaerobic organism Clostridia botulinum. There are seven distinct serotypes designated as type A, B, C-1, D, E, F, and G. In the United States, four preparations of botulinum are commercially available, three using type A serotype and one using type B. The three formulations of botulinum toxin type A are onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX), abobotulinumtox...

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary irregular clonic or tonic movements of the muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII on one side of the face, and is most often a result of vascular compression of the facial nerve at the root exit zone (Muscle and Nerve 1998;21:1740). Disability associated with this disorder ranges from social embarrassment to interference with vision result...