This paper extends the model of Fielding (1999), which is designed to explain changes in investment in South Africa during the Apartheid period, by allowing a role for indicators of political instability and political and civil rights, as measured by Fedderke et al. (1999). The conclusions based on estimation of the original model are robust to the inclusion of the political factors, but these ...

Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) causes endemic diarrhea, diarrheal outbreaks, and persistent diarrhea in humans, but the mechanism by which aEPEC causes disease is incompletely understood. Virulence regulators and their associated regulons, which often include adhesins, play key roles in the expression of virulence factors in enteric pathogenic bacteria. In this study we iden...

We analyze the ups and downs in economic growth recent decades by constructing a model with recurrent bubbles, crashes, endogenous growth. Once realized, bubbles crowd investment stimulate growth, but expectation about future crowds out reduces identify bubbly episodes estimating using US data. Counterfactual simulations suggest that IT housing not only caused booms also lifted GDP almost 2 per...

BACKGROUND Tamoxifen treatment induced cell death in the hippocampus formation of the prenatal and postnatal rat. The present study delineates the effect of tamoxifen on developing hippocampus in prenatal, postnatal and full term neonate rats received certain doses of the partial antagonist tamoxifen. METHODS After perfusion and fixation, the brains were removed and processed for light and el...

Disorders of the maternal-placental-fetal unit often results in fetal brain injury, which in turn results in one of the highest burdens of disease, because of the lifelong consequences and cost to society. Investigating hypoxia-ischemia in the perinatal period requires the factoring of timing of the insult, determination of end-points, taking into account the innate development, plasticity, and...

Some of the early genes of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1 were hypothesized to function in the shutoff of host biosyntheses. Two of these genes, e3 and e22, were cloned and sequenced. E22 showed no similarity to any known protein, while E3, a highly acidic protein, showed significant similarity only to other similarly acidic proteins. Each gene was immediately downstream of a very active ...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Methods and materials 3.1. MD simulations 3.2. Calculations of intramolecular contacts 3.3. Identification of a reverse loop 3.4. Identification of the SLS 3.5. Conformational Clustering 4. Results 4.1. The simulations are close to equilibrium and the results are consistent with NMR experiments 4.2. The analysis of overall topologies reveals that the WT favors Loo...

We have performed electroabsorption spectroscopy on micelle-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes. In semiconducting nanotubes, many oscillating structures composed of the increase and decrease of absorption are observed in the spectra in the region of the first and second absorption bands, E11 and E22. The spectral shape is reproduced mainly by the second-derivative curve of the absorption spec...

Viola Becker, Hugo González-Serratos, Rocı́o Álvarez, Michael Bäermann, Claudine Irles, and Alicia Ortega Departamento de Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, México City 04510, México; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Department of Physics E22 (Biophysics), Technical University of Munich, 80333...