SUMMARY Many natural hazards exhibit inverse power-law scaling of frequency and event size, or an exponential magnitude (m) on a logarithmic scale, for example the Gutenberg–Richter law earthquakes, with probability density function p(m) ? 10?bm. We derive analytic expression bias that arises in maximum likelihood estimate b as dynamic range r. The theory predicts observed evolution modal value...

[1] Many volcanic earthquakes large enough to be detected globally have anomalous focal mechanisms and frequency content. In a previous study, we examined the relationship between active volcanism and the occurrence of a specific type of shallow, non-double-couple earthquake. We identified 101 earthquakes with vertical compensated-linear-vector-dipole (vertical-CLVD) focal mechanisms that took ...

The b-value change in the frequency-magnitude (FM) distribution for a synthetic earthquake catalogue obtained by means of the model of block structure dynamics has been studied. The catalogue is divided into time periods preceding strong earthquakes and time periods that do not precede strong earthquakes. The separate analysis of these periods shows that the b-value is smaller before strong ear...

Dynamic changes of elastic moduli in source volumes are predicted to produce "damagerelated-radiation" associated with products of the changes of elastic moduli and total elastic strain components in the source volume [Ben-Zion and Ampuero, 2009]. Decreasing elastic moduli (as produced by brittle deformation of low-porosity rocks and explosions) increase the radiation to the bulk, while increas...

[1] In contrast to far-field tsunami amplitudes that are fairly well predicted by the seismic moment of subduction zone earthquakes, there exists significant variation in the scaling of local tsunami amplitude with respect to seismic moment. From a global catalog of tsunami runup observations this variability is greatest for the most frequently occurring tsunamigenic subduction zone earthquakes...

earthquake location process has an important role in any seismological applications including seismic tomography etc. the relationship between the travel-time of seismic phases and earthquake hypocenter (latitude, longitude, depth) and origin-time is non-linear and many different linearized methods have been implemented in recent years to linearize the relationship. the principal underlying lin...

We re-examine and summarize what is now possible in predicting earthquakes, what might be accomplished (and hence might be possible in the next few decades) and what types of predictions appear to be inherently impossible based on our understanding of earthquakes as complex phenomena. We take predictions to involve a variety of time scales from seconds to a few decades. Earthquake warnings and ...

Using the simple ETAS branching model of seismicity, which assumes that each earthquake can trigger other earthquakes, we quantify the role played by the cascade of triggered seismicity in controlling the rate of aftershock decay as well as the overall level of seismicity in the presence of a constant external seismicity source. We show that, in this model, the fraction of earthquakes in the po...

Slow slip forms part of the spectrum of fault behaviour between stable creep and destructive earthquakes1,2. Slow slip occurs near the boundaries of large earthquake rupture zones3,4 and may sometimes trigger fast earthquakes2. It is thought to occur in faults comprised of rocks that strengthen under fast slip rates, preventing rupture as a normal earthquake, or on faults that have elevated por...

We determined the energy release in earthquakes using the data obtained from TriNet in southern California. We investigated the effects of the depth, the mechanism and the propagation path by examining the results for events with different mechanisms and depths. We found that the path and site effects dominate so much that these effects are not obvious. By far the most dominant is the path-site...