BACKGROUND There are few studies focusing on women's experiences of early pregnancy. Medical and psychological approaches have dominated the research. Taking women's experiences seriously during early pregnancy may prevent future suffering during childbirth. AIM To describe and understand women's first time experiences of early pregnancy. METHOD Qualitative study using a phenomenological he...

objective: to determine the status of serum zinc in pregnant women in different gestational ages and correlation with socio-demographic and anthropometric factors in iranian women referring to prenatal care public health clinics . materials and methods: we analyzed the zinc concentrations in plasma samples obtained at different gestational ages from 961 women and recorded bmi at the first trime...

background: the value of serial measurement of serum ß subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (ßhcg) and ultrasonography in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy has well established. objective: the objective of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of raising level of serum ßhcg, single measurement of progesterone (p) and estradiol (e2) in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. mat...

The risk to the fetus from primary rubella occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy is considerable.' Despite the immunisation programme about 20 to 60 cases a year of congenital rubella are reported in the United Kingdom.2 We report on a case which illustrates the unfortunate consequences of failing to consider the possibility of rubella in a patient presenting with a rash in early pregna...

Pregnancy is a significant event in a woman’s life, and emotional attachment to the pregnancy and developing baby may begin early in the first trimester. For most women, experiencing a first trimester loss is a difficult and vulnerable time. When it occurs, the grief can be as profound as for any perinatal or other major loss [1]. Spontaneous abortion (a pregnancy that ends spontaneously before...

Prior to the existence of sonar techniques there was no method to proof the existence of a l iving fetus early in pregnancy. Hormon assays such äs human chorionic gondotropin, human placental lactogen oestriol and pregnandiol could offer only indirect informations relating to the trophoblast and corpus luteum function. Concerning the fetus there was no possibility wether to control its conditio...

One of the important discoveries in reproduction is that the reproductive process uses for its own purpose lymphokines and cytokines which were initially defined as being of immunologic nature, first traced within the immune system. This is not very surprising, since most of these molecules are more signaling factors and communication molecules between cells of various lineages than molecules s...

The objective of this study was to determine the Ile requirement in early (d 39 to 61) and late (d 89 to 109) pregnancy using the indicator AA oxidation method. The same 7 Large White × Landrace sows in their fourth parity were used in early and late pregnancy. Each sow received 6 diets based on corn, corn starch, and sugar in both early and late pregnancy at constant feed allowances (2.5 kg/d)...