The high level of complexity in modern construction projects causes a-priori project schedules to be highly sensitive to delays in the involved processes. At underground construction sites the earthwork processes are very vital, as most of the following tasks depend on it. This paper presents a novel method for tracking the progress of earthwork processes by combing two technologies based on co...

Excavators are one of the most energy-intensive elements of earthwork operations. Predicting the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of excavators is therefore critical in order to mitigate the environmental impact of earthwork operations. However, there is a lack of method for estimating such energy consumption and CO2 emissions, especially during the early planning stages of these activities...

■ Abstract During the Mississippian period (A.D. 1000–1500) the southeastern United States witnessed a broadscale fluorescence of polities characterized by impressive earthwork construction, rich mortuary offerings, and intensified agriculture. Research on the nature of complexity in these so-called chiefdoms has been an enduring issue in North American archaeology, even as this research has un...

obesity as a common health risk is increasing all over the world. the aim of this study was evaluation of standing and sitting positions on spirometric values in obese asthmatic patients, in comparison with normal obese subjects. the study included 49 obese asthmatic patients with mean age of 42.63 years and body mass index of 36.06 kg/m 2 , and 51 control obese normal subjects with mean age of...

In the April number of this Gazette reference was made to the measures which had been adopted to deal with cholera and prevent it, if possible, taking on an epidemic form in, the villages adjacent to the labour forces and amongst the coolies engaged upon the construction of the bridge across the Lower. Granges. Our chief cholera season coincides with the greater part of the earthwork coolies' w...

Earthwork, an essential activity in most construction projects, consumes large quantities of fossil fuel and produces substantial air pollution with adverse environmental impacts. To achieve more sustainable processes, novel methodologies to evaluate improve the performance earthwork operations are required. This study quantifies real-world emissions consumption equipment within project China. ...