In post-unification Germany, lingering conflicts between East and West Germans have found some unusual outlets, including a debate of the relative superiority of East and West German 'Ampelmännchen' pedestrian traffic signs. In our study, we probed the visual efficacy of East and West German Ampelmännchen signs with a Stroop-like conflict task. We found that the distinctive East German man-with...

The micropyle number in the ova of sturgeon species from the South Caspian Sea was investigated. The study was conducted on female broodfishes of three species of sturgeon (Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus, Stetates sturgeon A. stellatus and great sturgeon Huso huso) included 44 Persian sturgeon, 13 stellate sturgeon and 8 great sturgeon specimens. Fifty eggs were randomly collected from eac...

East Germany’s unemployment rate still doubles that of West Germany and for the last decade its economic growth has been below that of other transition countries. Policy makers often point to the lack of entrepreneurship as one of East Germany’s main problems. This paper addresses the question of how East Germany’s integration into an established economy, West Germany, may have hindered a fruit...

Data on radiocarbon (14C), 137Cs, 210Pb, and 241Am levels in an ombrotrophic peat sequence from a montane site on the east coast of Ireland are compared with data from a similar sequence at an Atlantic peatland site on the west coast. The 14C profiles from the west and east coasts show a broadly similar pattern. Levels increase from 100 pMC or less in the deepest horizons examined, to peak valu...

Biliary infections are an important cause of morbidity in the Western world. With regard to epidemiology, etiology, microbiological spectrum, prevalence, location and composition of gallstones, pathogenesis, clinical sign and therapy, there are large differences between the spectrum of biliary infections in the East and in the West (Table 1). In Western countries, gallstones are found in 10 to ...

nary protein excretion, preferably with agents that block the renin-angiotensin pathway, and good glycemic control for diabetic patients [5]. Human studies have shown that proteinuria is an independent predictor of progression and that its reduction is renoprotective [6]. At comparable blood pressure control, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including angiotensin-converting enz...

RM proteins link adhesion molecules to the cytoskeleton, but this linkage must be restricted to the necessary place and time. Structural analyses by Toshio Hakoshima (Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara, Japan) suggest that phospholipids take care of this regulation. Inactive ERMs, such as radixin, are folded to mask both their actin-and adhesion protein–binding (FERM) domains. This...