Particle swarm optimizers (PSO) were first introduced by Kennedy and Eberhart as stochastic algorithms which seek optimal solutions to functions through the use of swarm intelligence [1]. The main theme of PSO is that many particles are allowed to explore a function space. As each particle relocates it inputs its coordinates into the objective function for evaluation. Particles are assigned dir...

The values and velocities of a Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm can be recorded as series of matrix and its population diversity can be considered as an observation of the distribution of matrix elements. Each dimension is measured separately in the dimension-wise diversity, on the contrary, the element-wise diversity measures all dimension together. In this paper, PSO algorithm is f...

1. Lazarus JH, Bestwick JP, Channon S, et al. Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:493-501. 2. Vanderpump MP, Lazarus JH, Smyth PP, et al. Iodine status of UK schoolgirls: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet 2011;377: 2007-12. 3. Pearce EN, Lazarus JH, Smyth PP, et al. Perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure and thyroid function in first-trimester pregn...

A model was proposed to describe the relative performance of varieties over a series of environments as a way of improving plant breeding methodology. Data from three experiments were examined to evaluate the usefulness of the model and to obtain some preliminary information on inheritance. Considerable genetic variation was noted for the first stability parameter, response to environmental con...

F O R almost a dozen years the University of California has been active in prosthetics research. On the recommendation of the then Committee on Prosthetic Devices (now the Prosthetics Research Board) of the National Research Council, there was established in 1945, with the cosponsorship of the School of Medicine in San Francisco and the College of Engineering in Berkeley, the Prosthetic Devices...

Attendance at the Vision Research conference prior to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) meeting (5-10 May 2002) has become essential for international researchers in the field of retinal degeneration. The meeting was chaired by Eberhart Zrenner (University Eye Hospital Tubingen, Germany) and the 2002 theme was retinal cell rescue focused on emerging strategies for ...

This paper presents a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based algorithm for Optimal Power Flow (OPF) in Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) environment of thermal units while satisfying the constraints such as generator capacity limits, power balance and line flow limits. Particle Swarm Optimization is a population based stochastic optimization, developed by Kennedy and Eberhart [12], in...

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a biologically inspired computational search and optimization method developed in 1995 by Eberhart and Kennedy based on the social behaviors of birds flocking or fish schooling. A number of basic variations have been developed due to improve speed of convergence and quality of solution found by the PSO. On the other hand, basic PSO is more appropriate to pro...

There is a need for identifying the specific environments selection of adapted and stable genotypes quality traits in chilli pepper. Among these traits, pungency coloring matter are most important ones, which to be amounts final products. Hence, this multi-environmental evaluation pepper was done three distinct environments, identify suitable also traits. The study includes 43 tested growing co...

Particle swarm optimization inspired with the social behavior in flocks of birds and schools of fish is an adaptive, stochastic and population-based optimization technique which was created by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995 (9; 12). As one of the representatives of swarm intelligence (20), it has the distinctive characteristics: information exchange, intrinsic memory, and directional search in co...