Ecological restoration incorporates land management principles and activities aimed at returning a damaged or degraded ecosystem back to a key historic trajectory in order to achieve goals of ecosystem health, integrity, and sustainability (Society for Ecological Restoration 2004) . Please consult Chap. 1 (Lamb et al. this volume) for additional perspectives. In the United States, many restorat...

www.frontiersinecology.org © The Ecological Society of America A managers, scientists, and policy makers increasingly recognize the value of ecological monitoring (Lovett et al. 2007), new monitoring programs are being implemented, and existing programs are undergoing redesign and improvement (Busch and Trexler 2003). Current investment in careful planning and design of monitoring programs will...

It is estimated that 90% of sewage in cities in developing countries are today discharged untreated into water bodies. The physical, biological, chemical and geologic interactions among different components of the environment that occur within a wetland. Anzali wetland complex is a good example of a natural wetland, characteristic of the South Caspian lowlands. It supports an extremely diverse ...

The e-business ecosystem may be deviate from the equilibrium state in its development process. In this article the authors defined the e-business ecosystem health by combining ecological principles, and developed ecological indicators of e-business ecosystem health. The method of ecosystem health assessment (include biodiversity index method and index of biological integrity method) was introdu...

Introduction Community Based Forestry (CBF) implies commitment to the long term ecological, economic and social well being of forest dependent communities. CBF, or community scale sustainable forestry, constitutes a departure from industrial forestry due to this commitment to the preservation of the ecological integrity of the forest ecosystem in perpetuity and to the maintenance or improvement...

Stated preference surveys often give minimal attention to distinctions between intermediate and final ecosystem services, leading to the potential for biased or ambiguous welfare estimates. This paper illustrate ways in which multimetric ecological indexes of the type developed in the ecological literature, here an index of biotic integrity, can be used in stated preference scenarios to both im...