Trade and investment liberalisation in tobacco products oVers no benefits for tobacco control. Thus, if trade and investment liberalisation—as embodied in international agreements or viewed as an economic process—may harm tobacco control, as we believe it might, then trade and investment liberalisation in tobacco is an unhealthy and inappropriate public policy. We support the resolution of the ...

I construct a theory of trade agreements in which nations negotiate over both domestic policies and trade policies in a monopolistically competitve setting. My theory contributes to two trade policy questions: …rst, what problems do trade agreements solve? Second, what explains the evolution of domestic subsidy rules between the GATT and the WTO? I show that trade agreements must solve a …rm-de...

interest free banking law at 1363 was implemented in the banking system in iran. one of the main goals of this law was eliminating usury from monetary system, and utilization from non-usury credit impact on economic growth through preferring money contribution in the capital. this paper uses data from years 1363 to 1386 and implementing herfindahl-hirschman index, evaluated and ranked concentra...

the least developed and developing countries constitute two third of the members the world trade organizations (wto). these groups of countries have different views and concerns on international trade issues. as far as development is concerned, they have different needs and their economic system is often weak and fragile and therefore, they need extra protection. the wto agreements contain spec...

The Economic Partnership Agreements between the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries and the European Union should serve as an opportunity to accelerate ACP global and regional trade integration and as an important tool for development and the eradication of poverty. There are, however, a number of preconditions. This article argues that institutional quality plays a key role in successful ...

EUAfrica Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) are on the brink. In July 2014 the Head of States of ECOWAS endorsed the negotiated compromise EPA after prolonged negotiations. However, last-minute objections of the heavy-weight Nigeria which wants to protect its infant industries as well as promising trade relations with new global players still could prevent the deal. Whether the ECOWAS EPA i...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Material transfer agreements Payment for ecosystem services Non-monetary payment Moral satisfaction Probit with endogenous regressors This paper uses econometric analysis for understanding the determinants that affect the payment mechanism in material transfer agreements (MTAs). These contracts regulate the exchange of peculiar ecosystem services (genetic and bio...