In this paper we compare several types of economic dependency ratios for a selection of European countries. These dependency ratios take not only into account the demographic structure of the population, but also the differences in age-specific economic behaviour such as labour market activity, income and consumption. In simulations where we combine patterns of age-specific economic behaviour w...

One of the substantial challenges in marketing efforts is determining optimal markets, specifically in market segmentation. The problem is more controversial in electronic commerce and electronic marketing. Consumer behaviour is influenced by different factors and thus varies in different time periods. These dynamic impacts lead to the uncertain behaviour of consumers and therefore harden the t...

Neoclassical economic theory predicts equilibrium, yet the prediction is based on a string of patently absurd assumptions. Furthermore, evidence for instability is pervasive in the behaviour of real economies, implying that real economies are far from equilibrium and their behaviour potentially complex or chaotic. Therefore the neoclassical approach to understanding the behaviour of economies i...

In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the adaptive (ultimate) and mechanistic (proximate) explanations for the evolution and maintenance of cooperation. Studies of cooperative behaviour in humans invariably use economic games. These games have provided important insights into the mechanisms that maintain economic and social cooperation in our species. However, th...

In neuroeconomics, reward and social interaction are central concepts to understand what motivates human behaviour. Both concepts are investigated in humans using neuroimaging methods. In this paper, we provide an overview about these results and discuss their relevance for economic behaviour. For reward it has been shown that a system exists in humans that is involved in predicting rewards and...

Foreign-born residents constitute approximately eleven percent of the Swedish population. This level has been reached after steady immigration during the post-war years and has been accompanied in recent decades with proportionately more non-European immigrants. Immigration has implications for Swedish regional economic development for two reasons examined here. First, immigrant settlement patt...

Economic theory is, to a large extent, about money – about costs, prices, markets, return on investment, profit and similar economic concepts. This is also the case with the theory of production economics. However, the theory of production economics is special in that the limits of economic behaviour are defined by the technical production possibilities. Production technology is the decisive fa...

382 ©2014 Society for Biomaterials

In the conditions of national and global transformations, which are taking place under influence factors political economic instability, one most important problems functioning development enterprises is ensuring their competitiveness. At current stage world economy, characterized by high levels instability randomness course processes, an urgent task management entities study market behaviour, ...