Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fifth cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world and represents a substantial economic and social burden. Patients experience a progressive deterioration up to end-stage COPD, characterised by very severe airflow limitation, severely limited and declining performance status with chronic respiratory failure, advanced age, multiple ...

Does Mental Productivity Decline with Age? Evidence from Chess Players We use data on international chess tournaments to study the relationship between age and mental productivity in a brain-intensive profession. We show that less talented players tend to leave the game in the earliest phases of their career. When the effects of age on productivity vary with unobserved ability, commonly used fi...

The 2014 Indian general election marked a single party – the Bharatiya Janata Party, winning a majority of seats in Lok Sabha, the first time since the 1984 election. The Congress, the other main national party, suffered its worst ever defeat. This election was termed by some as a 'critical election' signalling the advent of a new phase of a ‘BJP dominated’ party system in India. In this paper,...

The 2014 Indian general election marked a single party – the Bharatiya Janata Party, winning a majority of seats in Lok Sabha, the first time since the 1984 election. The Congress, the other main national party, suffered its worst ever defeat. This election was termed by some as a 'critical election' signalling the advent of a new phase of a ‘BJP dominated’ party system in India. In this paper,...

Do political tensions harm economic relations? Theories claim that trade prevents war and political relations motivate trade, but less is known about whether smaller shifts in political relations impact economic exchange. Looking at two major economies, we show that negative events have not hurt U.S. or Japanese trade or investment flows. We then examine specific incidents of tensions in U.S.-F...

♦ The deterioration or complete collapse of both central government authority and (parts of) civil society. ♦ Episodic food insecurity, frequently deteriorating into mass starvation. ♦ Macro-economic collapse involving hyperinflation, massive unemployment, and net decreases in Gross National Product. ♦ Mass population movements of displaced people and refugees escaping conflict or searching for...

Objectives. To evaluate changes in health related quality of life (HRQL) for individuals with Type 2 diabetes following the introduction of a new community-based model of care. Methods. A survey method was used in which HRQL, Problems Areas In Diabetes (PAID) and demographics were assessed before and 18 months after introducing the new service. Results. Overall HRQL and PAID scores were lower t...

Deterioration cannot be avoided in business scenarios. Deterioration is defined as change, damage, decay, spoilage obsolescence and loss of utility or loss of original value in a commodity that results in the decreasing usefulness from the original one product. Normally inventory models of deteriorating items, such as food products, vegetables, etc. involve imprecise parameters, like imprecise ...

A single-item economic production model is developed in which inventory is depleted not only due to demand but also by deterioration. The rate of deterioration is taken to be time dependent, and the time to deterioration is assumed to follow a two-parameter Weibull distribution. The Weibull distribution, which is capable of representing constant, increasing, and decreasing rates of deterioratio...

c onsidering the normative nature of the theories of justice, a distinguished theory of justice could be formulated based on the fundamental teachings of islam. hence a new set of indexes are required to put this new concept to test. through detailed study of the islamic teachings, the research seeks to formulate a comprehensive theory on economic justice (based on various economic rights). in...