contrary to the past approaches, as the transportation speed and the number of vehicles have increased, nowadays, the major roads do not go through the cities and are laid out on the brink with a particular distance instead and linked with the city’s network through a set of connecting roads instead. construction of these connecting roads can have diverse effects on economic, social and cultura...

Fo re st ry B rie fin g N um be r 4, M ay 2 00 3 Introduction A major reason for the high failure rate of rural development forestry projects is the weak economic incentives for local forest users and other stakeholders to participate in sustainable forest management (SFM). In view of the high dependency of the rural poor on forests for their livelihoods, this has serious poverty implications. ...

Protected areas in Kenya constitute 7% of the total land area with over 75% of wildlife in the country being found on private or communal land. Rural communities in Kenya, where protected areas generally exist, face a range of development issues with limited resources and livelihood opportunities. In this context, community-based biodiversity conservation has the potential to promote ecotourism...

Tasik Chini, the second largest fresh water lake in Malaysia is the land of Aboriginals or Orang Asli typically known, Orang Jakun. The Jakun community is highly dependent on the local ecosystem for their livelihood during the early years of their settlement in surrounding areas, particularly on the richness of the 12 sea or lauts of Tasik Chini. The mainstay of its economy in the last two deca...

Non-existent micro-level estimates on the impact of migration on livelihood in rural areas in Kenya, compounded with minimal literature on the same, called for this study. This study used secondary data from the 2005 to 2015 African Wildlife Foundation Livelihoods dataset from Kilimanjaro landscape, with the purpose was of undertaking a comparative livelihood analysis between the in-migrant and...

In the past decade there has been increased support from governments, NGOs and donor agencies for collective livelihood interventions organised by poor women. This support is largely in response to two assumptions: first, that collective enterprises are an effective buffer for the economic vulnerability of poor women, particularly since market liberalisation has made the livelihoods of individu...

iv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Ecology ....................................................................... 2 Soil/fertilizer ....................................................................... 3 Economics ....................................................................... 4 Illegal Practices ....................................................................... 6 Nutrition and Liveli...

Drought and famine in Sub-Saharan Africa is among the leading contributory causes of vulnerability in pastoral communities. This paper discusses approaches that allow understanding of pastoral indigenous adaptive strategies to drought and famine. It is argued that understanding pastoral livelihood strategies requires a holistic approach. The paper focused on three key approaches namely: sustain...

This study analyses public attitudes towards the degree of government involvement in ensuring the livelihood and care of the elderly in Japan. Using four waves of individual-level annual data from the Japanese General Social Survey collected over the period 2000-2005, we estimate ordered logit models with various explanatory variables based on the socio-demographic, economic, political, and soc...