corruption defined as abuse of power by governmental officials for personal goals.in recent years, many articles about determinants of corruption have been written that introduced so many variables as determinants of corruption. these factors can be divided into two categories: economic and non-economic factors.in these article we examine the effect of economic activities combination on corrupt...

stock return is usually considered to be affected by firm’s financial ratios as well as economic variables. fundamental method assume that stock returns is not solely related to the stock market. most result come from the company condition , industry situation and whole economy. in this paper, this relationship between stock return and fundamentals is studied using the data for 22 pharmaceutica...