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this article examines the basic assumption of rational expectations hypothesis on iran's economy from 1966 to 2003. this assumption suggests the neutrality or ineffectiveness of money policy on the development of real variables of production and employment. the results from estimation of production equation do not support the significant influence of unanticipated component of money growth...

This study aims to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence students' motivation complete their thesis by using self-efficacy variables, need for achievement, campus environment, lecturer learning methods at Indonesian College of Economics. research method is a questionnaire survey method. The population in this were morning regular students evening Economics who graduated 2...

This study aims to examine the effect of family economic conditions and lecturer competencies on student achievement in economics business faculty Prof. University. Dr. Hazairin, SH. research was conducted by Faculty Economics Business, The number samples this were 93 respondents. results showed that 24.1% variables competence lecturers able explain learning achievement. Based simultaneous test...

For a large collection of random variables, pairwise conditional independence and mutual conditional independence are shown to be essentially equivalent. Unlike in the finite setting, a large collection of random variables remains essentially conditionally independent under further conditioning. The essential equivalence of pairwise and multiple versions of exchangeability also follows as a cor...

this paper examines critically the contributions of cournot, jevons and walras as the founders of classical mathematical economics from a methodological standpoint. advances in different economic schools and doctrines in the 19th century produced an environment of multi-dimensionality in economic analysis which was regarded by the pioneers of classical mathematical economists as a chaotic state...

in spite of sonic pessimistic attitudes towards methodology of economics, it has succeeded as a central theme in numerous books, refereed journals, international conferences and symposiums whose volume is increasing at an unprecedented rate. the proliferation of methodological literature also is accompanied by a proliferation of issues that concern: the goals of economics, realism of economics,...

In this paper, I propose that the availability of a bound variable reading for pronouns is predictable from their morphological structure of the pronouns. More specifically I argue that noun-containing pronouns cannot be bound variables. My proposal is different from D&W's (2002) argument in that in their theory, every DPs cannot have a bound variable reading, while in my theory, even DPs can h...

We consider the Bayes estimation of a multivariate sample selection model with p pairs of selection and outcome variables. Each of the variables may be discrete or continuous with a parametric marginal distribution, and their dependence structure is modeled through a Gaussian copula function. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to simulate from the posterior distribution of interest. The ...

In epidemiological research, the unavailability of possible confounders may lead to inconsistent estimates when a randomized experimental design is not feasible. A related challenge can be possible reverse causal orders between the dependent and the independent variables. This is a so-called endogeneity problem, which is well known in econometrics. However, if possible confounders are unavailab...