For every h ∈ N, a graph G with the vertex set V (G) and the edge set E(G) is said to be h-magic if there exists a labeling l : E(G) → Zh\{0} such that the induced vertex labeling s : V (G) → Zh, defined by s(v) = ∑ uv∈E(G) l(uv) is a constant map. When this constant is zero, we say that G admits a zero-sum h-magic labeling. The null set of a graph G, denoted by N(G), is the set of all natural ...

Let G be a graph with the vertex set V (G), edge set E(G). A vertex labeling is a bijection f : V (G)→ {1, 2, . . . , |V (G)|}. The weight of e = uv ∈ E(G) is given by g(e) = min{f(u), f(v)}. The min-sum vertex cover (msvc) is a vertex labeling that minimizes the vertex cover number μs(G) = ∑ e∈E(G) g(e). The minimum such sum is called the msvc cost. In this paper, we give both general bounds a...

An injective map from the vertex set of a graph G—its order may not be finite—to the set of all natural numbers is called an arithmetic (a geometric) labeling of G if the map from the edge set which assigns to each edge the sum (product) of the numbers assigned to its ends by the former map, is injective and the range of the latter map forms an arithmetic (a geometric) progression. A graph is c...

The local antimagic total vertex labeling of graph G is a that every vertices and edges label by natural number from 1 to such two adjacent has different weights, where sum the labels all incident vertex. If start smallest then edge so kind coloring called super labeling. That induces for v, weight w(v) color v. minimum colors obtained chromatic G, denoted χlsat(G). In this paper, we consider G...

This work presents a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) encoding for a special problem from combinatorial optimization. In the last years much progress has been made in the optimization of practical SAT solvers (see the SAT competition [5]). This has made SAT encodings for combinatorial problems highly attractive. In this work we propose an encoding for the combinatorial problem Magic Labeling which ...

Let G be a graph with p vertices and q edges and A = {0, 1, 2, . . . , [q/2]}. A vertex labeling f : V (G) → A induces an edge labeling f∗ defined by f∗(uv) = f(u) + f(v) for all edges uv. For a ∈ A, let vf (a) be the number of vertices v with f(v) = a. A graph G is said to be vertex equitable if there exists a vertex labeling f such that for all a and b in A, |vf (a) − vf (b)| ≤ 1 and the indu...

The idea of integral sum graphs was introduced by Harary (1994). A graph G is said to be an integral sum graph if its nodes can be given a labeling f with distinct integers, so that for any two distinct nodes u and v of G, uv is an edge of G if and only if f(u) + f(v) = f(w) for some node w in G. A tree is said to be a generalized star if it can be obtained from a star by extending each edge to...

Let G be an edge-colored graph and v a vertex of G. The color degree of v is the number of colors appearing on the edges incident to v. A rainbow triangle in G is one in which all edges have distinct colors. In this paper, we first prove that an edge-colored graph on n vertices contains a rainbow triangle if the color degree sum of any two adjacent vertices is at least n+ 1. Afterwards, we char...

let g be a graph with p vertices and q edges and a = {0, 1, 2, . . . , [q/2]}. a vertex labeling f : v (g) → a induces an edge labeling f∗ defined by f∗(uv) = f(u) + f(v) for all edges uv. for a ∈ a, let vf (a) be the number of vertices v with f(v) = a. a graph g is said to be vertex equitable if there exists a vertex labeling f such that for all a and b in a, |vf (a) − vf (b)| ≤ 1 and the in...

A Sum divisor cordial labeling of a graph G with vertex set V is bijection r from to {1,2,3,...,|V (G )|} such that an edge uv assigned the label 1 if 2 divides r(u)+ (v ) and 0 otherwise; number edges labeled 1differ by at most . sum called graph. In this research paper, we investigate bahevior for Grötzsch graph, fusion any two vertices in duplication arbitrary switching degree four three pat...