A ncw approach to on-orbit satellite sensor calibration has becJl developed using the flight of a high altitude calibrated airborne imaging spectrometer below a multi-spectral satellite sensor. This strategy was in~plcrncnted on the 27th of August 1992 for the Optical Sensor (OPS) on board the Japanese Earth Rcsourccs Satellite-1 (JERS1 ) using NASA’s Airborne Visible-Infrared lmag,ing Spectrom...

[1] Validation of infrared satellite instruments, after they have been launched into orbit, has traditionally relied on views of the relatively warm sea surface. The Antarctic Plateau provides a complementary validation target from space because it is also homogeneous over large areas, yet it is relatively cold. During summer, cloud-free conditions occur often and the atmospheric humidity is ve...

This work examines the process of detecting and quantifying volcanic SO2 plumes using the Airborne Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (AHI) developed by the University of Hawaii. AHI was flown over Pu'u'O'o Vent of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii to collect data on SO2 plumes. AHI is a LWIR pushbroom imager sensitive to the 7.5 11.5 μ region. Spectral analysis and mapping tools were used to identify and c...

[1] Many bioluminescence observations are made from the ocean’s surface. However, the depth of the bioluminescent source is difficult to estimate on the basis of surface observations alone, given the variable light attenuation of unknown concentrations of water column constituents such as phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter, and detritus. Part 1 of this paper showed that bioluminesc...

The QUick Image Display (QUID) model accurately computes and displays radiance images of aircraft and other objects, generically called targets, at animation rates while the target undergoes unrestricted flight. Animation rates are obtained without sacrificing radiometric accuracy by using two important innovations. First, QUID has been implemented using the Open Scene Graph (OSG) library, an o...

We present what we believe to be a novel approach to simulating the spectral fine structure (<1 nm) in measurements of spectrometers such as the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME). GOME measures the Earth's radiance spectra and daily solar irradiance spectra from which a reflectivity spectrum is commonly extracted. The high-frequency structures contained in such a spectrum are, apart fro...

Spectral beam combining (SBC) by volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass is a powerful tool for laser applications that require higher radiance than a single laser unit can achieve. The beam-combining factor (BCF) is introduced as a tool to compare various beam-combining methods and experiments. It describes the change of radiance provided by a beam-combinin...

The method of vicarious calibration by means of calculated radiances allows absolute calibration of satellite radiometers in orbit. It works by comparing counts from the radiometer to be calibrated with corresponding absolute radiances, calculated from actual values of the relevant optically acting parameters of the atmosphere and the earth's surface. The method is applied to the VIS-channel (i...

[1] The fundamental measurement of the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on board the Aura spacecraft is upwelling infrared spectral radiances. Accurate TES retrievals of surface and atmospheric parameters such as trace gas amounts critically depend on well-calibrated radiance spectra. On-orbit TES nadir observations were evaluated using carefully selected, nearly coincident spectral rad...

This paper evaluates the impact of removing random noise of radiance data using a spectral-spatial smoothing approach on data compression onboard a hyperspectral satellite. A datacube acquired using a Short Wave Infrared Full Spectrum Imager II for target detection application of hyperspectral data was tested. The impact was evaluated using both the statistical based measures and a remote sensi...